Eddy covariance measurements of black carbon emissions in central London

Abstract

Black carbon (BC) is a significant environmental health and climate forcing concern. Direct measurement of black carbon fluxes using eddy covariance can quantify emissions and identify sources. Previous studies have quantified urban black carbon emissions in highly polluted countries such as China and India, but to date no research has been done in the UK and Europe. This study uses an eddy covariance system using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) deployed on the BT Tower in London to directly measure BC fluxes in central London. This is as part of the UK Integrated Research Observation System for Clean Air (OSCA). We have produced some primary results including time series of black carbon concentrations and fluxes in central London in winter and summer and diurnal profiles. Comparisons with NOx and organic matter fluxes are also underway to identify the main sources of black carbon in central London and suggest that due to recent emissions controls, cooking may now be the most significant local source rather than transport or space heating.