Ed-PUF: Event-Driven Physical Unclonable Function for Camera Authentication in Reactive Monitoring System

Abstract

As surveillance footage plays an increasingly significant role in law enforcement, it is imperative to ensure the integrity of recorded video data and the authenticity of its originator, and instill situation awareness into these monitoring systems with a fidelity record of the incidents. Unfortunately, existing frame-based networked surveillance systems could only partially fulfill these requirements. The emerging Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS) sheds new light on solving this problem with its completely different sensor design, i.e., DVS responds only to temporal intensity change and records only sparse asynchronous address-events with precise timing information. Motivated by the reduced data size of activities and the prevention of privacy intrusion of subjects under surveillance as well as other appealing attributes, this work introduces the first event-driven physical unclonable function (Ed-PUF) system to fill the forensic gap of simultaneously authenticating the event data integrity and source camera identity for reactive monitoring by DVS camera. New DVS sensor architecture is proposed with negligible modifications made to the original DVS pixel. The Ed-PUF response bit can only be triggered by and uniquely dependent on the asynchronous addressed event without being interfered by the simultaneous firing of other address events. Address event streams are securely transmitted with an event package tag created by a keyed hash-based message authentication code with the key being the Ed-PUF response. A secure protocol to authenticate the identity of DVS camera and the integrity of address events transmitted through cellular network is also proposed. A camera lock is embedded to protect against severing and splicing the inter-chip connectivity within the camera for raw PUF responses. The proposed system is evaluated using raw PUF data obtained by post-layout Monte Carlo simulation in UMC 180nm technology and real event stream captured by a DVS camera. The proposed Ed-PUF has been demonstrated to have excellent uniqueness, randomness and reliability. Collision test is also conducted to show that the quality of DVS imaging is not compromised. Besides keeping the hardware/power/timing overheads low, the proposed scheme is also analyzed to be resilient against multiple attack scenarios.