Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting (EEC) syndrome

Abstract

The ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder that is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, but can also occur sporadically. It is characterized by the triad of ectrodactyly (absence of fingers), ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip and palate along with variable involvement of other organs. Both the ectodermal and mesodermal tissues may be affected resulting in a spectrum of phenotypes. Early diagnosis and treatment signify a unique challenge for those involved in the clinical management, while enable counseling and preparation of parents for the tasks ahead of them. In our report, we describe the case of a patient with sporadic EEC syndrome. In addition to the presentation of the complex phenotype along with the medical interventions, we summarize the most important characteristics of the disease, the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities as well as the clinical significance of the accurate genetic verification. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified in the 3q28 chromosomal region a pathogenic mutation within the TP63 gene previously linked to the EEC3 phenotypes. The knowledge of pathogenic mutation provides the means to prenatal diagnostics or in vitro fertilization methods that allows us to minimize the possibility of inheriting the syndrome in the patient's offspring. By presenting our case, we aim to draw attention to this rare and disabling disease that requires the high quality works of a multidisciplinary team capable of ensuring good quality of life for the patient. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(46): 1831-1837.