Abstract
Although ectopic hormone-production is uncommon complication, certain tumors can produce symptoms due to the secretion of various bioactive substances accompanied by the aberrantly located tumors. Because of the potential for the ovary to act as a source of aberrant hormone secretion, in the literature, ectopic hormone production from ovarian tumor includes granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), peptide-YY, gastrin and insulin. All patients may present with syndromes of hormone excess. Failure to localize the ovarian tumor preoperatively may be associated with a significantly higher risk of subsequent unnecessary ablative procedures. Better characterization of hormonal forms relatively specific for neoplasia may enhance the clinical value of ectopic hormones as tumor markers, especially in malignancies that are commonly associated with ectopic hormone production. These circumstances may recommend complete preoperative evaluation of the pelvis in female patients presenting with nonlocalizable endocrine tumors.
Highlights
The endocrine tumors may or may not be functional and have clinical manifestations according to the hormone secreted
Ectopic hormone syndrome can be caused by peptide or nonsex steroid hormone secretion due to aberrantly located tumors
Because of the potential for the ovary to act as a source of aberrant hormone secretion [3], we attempt to a comprehensive computer-based search for the unusual or rare ectopic hormone-producing ovarian tumors (Table 1)
Summary
The endocrine tumors may or may not be functional and have clinical manifestations according to the hormone secreted. Small cell lung cancer and medullary thyroid cancer are the most frequent, ovarian tumors can causes this syndrome [26]-[32] This type of tumor induces the inappropriately high levels of the hormone cortisol and subsequent Cushing’s syndrome as a paraneoplastic syndrome [33]. In most cases, when ectopic ACTH is produced by malignant tumors, circulating ACTH and cortisol levels are extremely high, the duration of symptoms is short and the clinical phenotype is atypical, in comparison with pituitary dependent Cushing’s syndrome. Ectopic ACTH secretion is often associated with a number of mainly neuroendocrine tumors with differing aggressiveness which produces the typical sign and symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome, with a biochemical resemblance to pituitary Cushing’s disease [35]. High plasma ACTH, vasopressin and a-fetoprotein, and lack of dexamethasone suppression
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