Ectopic extralobar pulmonary sequestrations in children: interest of the laparoscopic approach

Abstract

Background Extralobar pulmonary sequestrations (EPS) are a rare benign congenital bronchopulmonary foregut malformation. Complete resection is necessary to confirm the diagnosis with histopathologic examination. The aim of this study was to describe the laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for a small series of ectopic EPS in small children and to show its feasibility and safety. Methods From January 2001 to December 2008, 12 cases of EPS were prenatally diagnosed and retrospectively reviewed. From this group, we isolated 6 children with ectopic EPS. Ages ranged from 15 days to 14 months. Three infants were symptomatic, and the others showed persistence of the lesion with parental anxiety. All prenatal diagnoses were confirmed by postnatal Doppler ultrasound and intravascular contrast computed tomography scan with 3-dimensional reconstructions. Postnatally, all were ectopic lesions: 3 were hiatal and intradiaphragmatic, 3 infradiaphragmatic and left paramedian. Laparoscopic MIS consisted of 4 small trocars and low-pressure pneumoperitoneum. We carried out a retroesophageal dissection in 4 cases, an elective control of systemic vessels, and a removal of the EPS with histologic study. Results We performed 5 procedures laparoscopically and 1 thoracoscopically. There were 2 abdominal conversions. Nevertheless, no intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications occurred. Hospital stay ranged from 1 to 5 days (mean, 2.7 days). The diagnosis of pure pulmonary sequestration with feeding vessels in 5 cases was confirmed by histopathology. Follow-up ranged from 13 to 84 months (mean, 43 months). Late complications were benign. Conclusions Laparoscopic MIS for ectopic EPS in small children is a feasible and safe technique. The great magnification provided by the endoscopic procedure allows for the search of associated congenital anomalies, meticulous retroesophageal dissection, and control of the systemic vessels. Resection provides definitive diagnosis and treatment, and confers the benefits of a minimal access technique.