Abstract
BackgroundThe gene encoding PAD4 (PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT4) is required in Arabidopsis for expression of several genes involved in the defense response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. AtPAD4 (Arabidopsis thaliana PAD4) encodes a lipase-like protein that plays a regulatory role mediating salicylic acid signaling.ResultsWe expressed the gene encoding AtPAD4 in soybean roots of composite plants to test the ability of AtPAD4 to deter plant parasitic nematode development. The transformed roots were challenged with two different plant parasitic nematode genera represented by soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) and root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne incognita). Expression of AtPAD4 in soybean roots decreased the number of mature SCN females 35 days after inoculation by 68 percent. Similarly, soybean roots expressing AtPAD4 exhibited 77 percent fewer galls when challenged with RKN.ConclusionsOur experiments show that AtPAD4 can be used in an economically important crop, soybean, to provide a measure of resistance to two different genera of nematodes.
Highlights
The gene encoding PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 (PAD4) (PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT4) is required in Arabidopsis for expression of several genes involved in the defense response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola
We demonstrate that overexpression of the Arabidopsis gene AtPAD4 in transgenic soybean roots of composite plants can confer resistance to both soybean cyst nematode (SCN) and root-knot nematode (RKN)
Strong red fluorescence demonstrated that the figwort mosaic virus subgenomic transcript (FMV) promoter was successful in expressing the red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene in the transformed soybean roots
Summary
The gene encoding PAD4 (PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT4) is required in Arabidopsis for expression of several genes involved in the defense response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. This type of resistance is turned on when the plants have a specific resistance (R) gene that recognizes the product of a corresponding pathogen gene known as the avirulence (avr) gene This interaction between an R-gene and an avr-gene triggers the hypersensitive response (HR) and rapid expression of defense responses that result in programmed cell death within 24 h of infection [2]. Another type of defense response occurs after attack by virulent pathogens that do not have an avr-gene recognized by the plant. The occurrence of EDS1-PAD4 and EDS1SAG101 complexes inside plant cells suggests that EDS1 works as an adaptor for both PAD4 and SAG101 in defense signaling [13]
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