Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most attractive cell types for cell-based bone tissue repair applications. Fetal-derived MSCs and maternal-derived MSCs have been isolated from chorionic villi of human term placenta and the decidua basalis attached to the placenta following delivery, respectively. Chorionic-derived MSCs (CMSCs) and decidua-derived MSCs (DMSCs) generated in this study met the MSCs criteria set by International Society of Cellular Therapy. These criteria include: (i) adherence to plastic; (ii) >90% expression of CD73, CD105, CD90, CD146, CD44 and CD166 combined with <5% expression of CD45, CD19 and HLA-DR; and (iii) ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. In vivo subcutaneous implantation into SCID mice showed that both bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-labelled CMSCs and DMSCs when implanted together with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate particles were capable of forming ectopic bone at 8-weeks post-transplantation. Histological assessment showed expression of bone markers, osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), biglycan (BGN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and also a marker of vasculature, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). This study provides evidence to support CMSCs and DMSCs as cellular candidates with potent bone forming capacity.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are referred to as multipotent stromal cells, are found in many tissues
decidua basalis MSCs (DMSCs) isolated from the decidua basalis attached to chorionic villi of term placentae adhered onto tissue culture flasks within 24 h of plating
Given that chorionic villous MSCs (CMSCs) and DMSCs were morphologically indistinguishable after passaging, it was crucial that CMSCs and DMSCs used in these experiments were well-characterized with respect to their surface markers expression, origin, and differentiation potential
Summary
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are referred to as multipotent stromal cells, are found in many tissues. Careful preparation and characterization needs to be carried out to confirm the maternal origins of decidua basalis MSCs (DMSCs) and the fetal origins of the chorionic villous MSCs (CMSCs). The first aim of this study was to isolate and characterize CMSCs and DMSCs according to the criteria described above and to confirm the respective fetal and maternal origins of these cells. This characterization was an essential prerequisite to the use of CMSCs and DMSCs for in vivo assays
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