Ectopic Atrial Tachycardia in Children: A Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT) is an unusual and potentially risky arrhythmia that can result in left ventricular dysfunction if not properly managed. In adults, EAT is mainly caused by diseased atrial myocardium and responds poorly to antiarrhythmic drugs. The characteristics of EAT in children might be different from those in adults because of their immature myocardium and the different electrophysiologic characteristics of their conduction tissue. Purpose: To present the data on the natural history and treatment of EAT in children. Material and method: The study material consisted of reviewed articles on the topic found on the globally accepted electronic databases, PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar regarding the Ectopic atrial tachycardia in children and its treatment. Results: The diagnosis of atrial ectopic tachycardia is based on the presence of a narrow complex tachycardia (in the absence of aberrancy or pre-existing bundle branch block) with visible P waves at an inappropriately rapid rate. The rates range from 120 to 300 beats per minute (bpm) and are typically higher than 200 bpm, although physiologic rates may be observed. EAT in children without underlying heart disease can be effectively treated using antiarrhythmic drugs. Spontaneous resolution of EAT after medication in children was frequent (75%). Conclusion: EAT in children without underlying heart disease can be effectively treated using antiarrhythmic drugs. The results of studies suggest that a stepwise approach using digoxin, a beta-blocker, and a class I antiarrhythmic drug may be the most effective treatment for EAT