ECRH Antenna at 140 GHz on FTU Tokamak

Abstract

The quasi-optical beam launching antenna for the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) experiment at 140 GHz, 1.6 MW to the plasma, on the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade (FTU) has been successfully exploited in experimental operations. It provides four beams 400 kW each, with independent poloidal and toroidal steering capability and a maximum power density of 60 kW/cm 2 at the plasma edge. The beam radius in the plasma is ≈20 mm, allowing a very high localisation of the absorbed power. The main characteristics of the antenna are: • Four movable launching mirrors under vacuum, far from the plasma edge (no movable parts near the plasma). • Oblique toroidal injection capability at fixed angles obtained with reflections on two fixed stainless steel plates, gold plated, inserted at the sides of the port. • Vacuum gate separating the main vacuum from the appendix containing the two matching mirrors and the barrier window (for safety and maintenance). • All movements are transferred outside the vacuum chamber through bellows and linear displacement. Actuators and encoders are in air. • Full capability to adjust small movements of the machine during cool-down and warm-up, preserving the alignment. Pattern measurements at low power before installation were performed to characterise the effects of the real system on the ideal shape and the polarisation of the launched beams, with particular attention to diffraction effects. Final control of the shape of the beams and the alignment of the mirrors in the system is performed after installation, under vacuum and with the tokamak at liquid nitrogen temperature, with the aid of a retractable probe and using a thermopile as the RF detector.