Abstract
Abstract The exacerbated production of solid residues represents a major problem in the management and handling of urban wastes. The by-product of stored municipal and industrial solid waste production is landfill leachate. Leachate is characterized by a high concentration of organic compounds, ammonia, and the presence of heavy metals. Because of its composition, this kind of wastewater can cause serious environmental pollution and should be treated to reduce its toxic effects. Increasingly, the interest is directed to the application of the ANAMMOX (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process for the landfill leachate treatment. In this study, for the first time, the effect of treatment with the ANAMMOX process on the toxicity of leachate was investigated. Based on the research performed in this study, it could be stated that the untreated landfill leachate from the municipal landfill and the influent of the ANAMMOX reactor present phytotoxicity to Lemna minor, due to a correlation of high concentrations of organic compounds, heavy metals, such as Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and the presence of an unionized form of ammonia (NH3). The results of the Allium cepa test demonstrated that the treatment was not efficient in eliminating the genotoxic substances that are responsible for the mutagenic potential in the effluent. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the kind support of CAWQ/ACQE (https://www.cawq.ca).
Highlights
Affluent lifestyles and industrial development in many countries worldwide have been accompanied by a rapid increase in both industrial and municipal solid waste production, which are stored in landfills (Renou et al )
Concentrations of heavy metals in the untreated landfill leachate were provided by the municipal landfill in southern Poland
Landfill leachate is one of the major environmental problems. Treatment of this kind of wastewater is important for the purposes of reducing its toxic effect on the environment, which was the subject matter of previous studies
Summary
Affluent lifestyles and industrial development in many countries worldwide have been accompanied by a rapid increase in both industrial and municipal solid waste production, which are stored in landfills (Renou et al ). Landfill leachate is characterized by high concentrations of organic compounds, ammonium and inorganic salts, including in some cases heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn (Horan et al ; Ganigue et al ; Zheng-Yong et al ). This kind of wastewater has to be removed by means of complicated processes, which generate high costs of treatment. In order to remove nitrogen from ammonium rich wastewater without the need of organic carbon, the ANAMMOX process can be used (Liang & Liu ; Zheng-Yong et al ; Miao et al )
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