Abstract
In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of azo dye “Food Black 1” (FB1) was investigated using TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles under ultraviolet (UV) light. The performances of the two photocatalysts were evaluated in terms of key parameters (e.g., decolorization, dearomatization, mineralization, and detoxification of dye) in relation to variables including pre-adsorption period, pH, and temperature. Under acidic conditions (pH 5), the ZnO catalyst underwent photocorrosion to increase the concentration of zinc ions in the system, thereby increasing the toxic properties of the treated effluent. In contrast, TiO2 efficiently catalyzed the degradation of the dye at pH 5 following the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) kinetic model. The overall results of this study indicate that the decolorization rate of TiO2 on the target dye was far superior to ZnO (i.e., by 1.5 times) at optimum catalyst loading under UV light.
Highlights
It is well-known that diverse forms of synthetic dyes are used in food industries to add colors to various products, including sports drinks, candies, and baked eatables [1]
Food Black 1 (FB1) azo dye is known to have a cytotoxic effect on cells at high concentrations (i.e., 6.67 mM) [5]
This dye was found to have harmful effects even at lower concentrations [5]
Summary
It is well-known that diverse forms of synthetic dyes are used in food industries to add colors to various products, including sports drinks, candies, and baked eatables [1]. Food Black 1 (FB1) azo dye is known to have a cytotoxic effect on cells at high concentrations (i.e., 6.67 mM) [5]. This dye was found to have harmful effects even at lower concentrations (e.g., the level of estradiol decreases at 1 mM of FB1) [5]. In light of such undesirable effects, it has become crucial to treat the effluents containing food dyes discharged from food industry facilities
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