Abstract
This article deals with the possibility of utilization of secondary-raw materials as a natural sand replacement in concrete. Four types of waste construction materials were examined—recycled aggregate from four different sources. The natural aggregate was examined as well as used as the reference sample. All the samples were tested to evaluate the water absorption, particle size distribution, and particle density. The basic chemical reactions in the view of ecotoxicology are investigated and measured based on Czech standards. Chemical analysis, Lemna growth inhibition test, freshwater algae, daphnia acute, and mustard germination toxicity test were made and discussed in this paper. Based on the physical and geometrical properties and ecotoxicology of examined waste materials, this work evaluated them as suitable for utilization in concrete as a sand replacement.
Highlights
The aim of the research is to analyze the properties of waste materials from an environmental point of view, because in materials such as concrete, it is desirable to use secondary raw materials that reduce the negative impact on the environment
It was found that the dry density of fine recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) ranges between 1900 and 2360 kg/m3 [5] and fine RMA between 2000 and 2500 kg/m3 [9,10,11,32,33,34] which is generally lower than natural sand
13.1% [5] and RMA from 12% to 15% [8,32,33], which is more than ten times higher than natural sand
Summary
Tendencies toward the use of secondary raw materials have emerged in recent years, given the fact that the most used building materials are completely dependent in the production on primary materials. These sources are decreasing and due to their nonrenewable disposition, the use of secondary raw materials is a logical step. When replacing, it is always necessary to consider the material being worked with and, with regard to the required properties, to select replaceable components and secondary materials that could be used. The summarization of the material properties is only the second step, first it is necessary to take into account the properties of the secondary raw materials themselves. This problem is reduced [1]
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