Ecotourism Management of Green Leaves of Mangroves Perspective of Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah Yusuf al-Qardawi

It is recognized that climate variability has had detrimental impacts on integrity of coastal natural resources. It is also known that coastal communities have been relying on those natural resources for their livelihoods in different ways. It is from this interdependence that this study was proposed, to analyse the role of coastal resources in sustaining community livelihoods of the coastal communities in the changing climate in two villages, Msinga and Nyamisati, all based in Rufiji district, Tanzania. The study employed the mixed method design whereby household questionnaires,-key informant interviews, focus group discussions, field observations and literature review were used to collect primary and secondary data. Findings show that coastal resources including fish and mangrove are impacted by sea level rise, storm surges, tropical storms, droughts, floods and change in salinity conditions eventually compromising their integrity. Consequently livelihoods that depend on these resources such as fisheries and agriculture in the delta have declined in productivity over the past 10 years, causing food insecurity to majority of households. People have been adapting in different ways with respect to climate change impacts mainly through the use of social networks and coastal resources utilization particularly sale of fish, mangrove logs and timber. However, utilization of such resources was unsustainable as it entailed overexploitation and use of prohibited fishing gears and unlawful harvesting of mangrove. Nonetheless, coastal communities are still vulnerable to climate change impacts owing to low resource base, whereby women are the most vulnerable group due to poor participation in decision making at family level. Besides, to monitor coastal resources utilization, institutions were put in place through policy and legal frameworks. Enforcement of bylaws with respect to resources utilization such as permits for mangrove and fisheries utilization and ban of agriculture in the delta was meant to make coastal natural resources more resilient to the impacts of climate change. However, some of enforcements of some bylaws made community members prone to impacts of climate variability and change by being landless. The study recommends the integration of participatory approaches regarding the natural coastal resources management including capacity building to women in order to build their resilience to impacts of climate variability and change.

Analyzing potential effects of migration on coastal resource conservation in Southeastern Ghana

The gap in the coastal resources utilization on the North Coast in Serang Regency has the potential to cause conflict between coastal communities dealing with local governments and sea sand mining companies. This research focuses on how the communication practices of the conflicting parties and the typology of conflict, communication interactions in conflict relations and communication strategies in conflict solutions. The research used qualitative approach which was conducted through in-depth interview with informants purposively. The results of the research showed that the dominance of natural resources was the trigger for conflict in the utilization of coastal resources on the North Coast in Serang Regency. The ineffectiveness of government and company communication in managing conflict potentials made coastal communities perceived the sea sand mining activities negatively. Coastal communities fought for their interests in various forms namely demonstrations, anarchism, social conflict between layers and human rights violations. The most active community groups were fishermen because sea sand mining had caused technical problems with fishing and decrease in income. The conflicting parties communicated with each other openly, defensively and in confrontational way. The practice of communication in resolving conflicts ran less effectively because the government and the company did not involve conflicting parties through communication to resolve the conflict. The research findings are the basis of understanding to manage potential conflicts and its escalations through appropriate communication to reach consensus to realize convergence of interests.

Coastlines mapping techniques or the coastline automated analyses have been sought after. In practice, various sorts of seacoasts, for example, biological, silty, arenaceous, artificial, and bedrock coasts, have their own attributes, which force various degrees of intricacy on coastline mapping. As an extraordinary kind of complex artificial coast, aquaculture coast is shaped by the farming of aquatic organisms on silt tidal flats. With the rapid growth of coastal aquaculture in recent years, aquaculture coasts have increased in some developing countries. It has been estimated that aquaculture coasts constitute about 30% of all coastlines in mainland China. In order to identify, monitor, model, and manage the vast expanse of coastal aquaculture, effective methods of extracting aquaculture coastlines from remotely sensed imagery are desired. Secondly, with the rapid economic development in coastal areas, the development of coastal zone resources is also increasing day by day, which benefits the development of island coastal zone. Using oneself has become an important link in the development of marine economy. Due to the limited coastal resources and low environmental carrying capacity, the overexploitation and utilization of coastal resources will lead to a series of problems, such as coastal erosion, coastal migration and accumulation, island area reduction, etc., Both man-made activities and natural factors will lead to coastline changes, which will lead to corresponding changes in coastal ecological environment, thus affecting the coordinated development of coastal economy and the survival of coastal residents. Therefore, efficient, accurate and timely acquisition of coastline information and research on the spatial-temporal changes of coastline are of great significance to the protection of the living environment of coastal residents, the effective development of island and coastal resources, the coordination of sustainable economic development in coastal areas and the mitigation of marine disasters. This paper presents a review of those papers reporting coastline extraction and land use and land cover (LULC) change analysis using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technology.

Coastal as an open-access resource has the potential to cause conflict with spatial use. This research aims to analyze the conflict in the utilization of coastal resources among fishermen and unconventional tin miners. This research used a survey research method with qualitative descriptive research, including income analysis, employment opportunities, education, and health. Respondents in this research were fishermen and unconventional tin miners in Bangka Tengah district, including Batu Belubang village - Pangkalan Baru sub-district, Kurau village - Koba sub-district, and Baskara Bhakti village - Namang sub-district. Data collection using methods through observation, interviews, and documentation. Conflicts are analyzed through a stakeholder analysis approach with an onion analysis approach. The results showed that there were four main issues triggering conflict: 1) environmental issues; 2) social issues; 3) law violation issues; 4) economic issues. Conflict resolution that is collaborative with a negotiation approach that combines elements of the user community (fishing groups and unconventional miners) and the government known as Co-Management which avoids the excessive dominant role of one party in the management of coastal and marine resources, including equitable division of territory between fishing and mining areas, with reference to coastal and marine spatial regulations in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province, Indonesia.

Linking Coastal and Marine Resources Endowments and Climate Change Resilience of Tanzania Coastal Communities.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between sustainable development and the objectives of Islamic law (Maqasid al-Sharia) in addressing contemporary economic challenges, through an applied study of the United Arab Emirates. The study is based on the premise that the objectives of Islamic law are not merely an abstract theoretical framework, but rather constitute a normative and ethical reference point capable of guiding economic policies to achieve a balance between economic growth, social justice, and resource sustainability. The study examines the shared intellectual foundations between sustainable development and the objectives of Islamic law, highlighting the points of convergence between the goals of sustainable development and the overarching objectives of Islamic law, particularly in the areas of preserving wealth, protecting life, building human capacity, and achieving social solidarity. The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach to address the concepts of sustainable development and the objectives of Islamic law, alongside an inductive and analytical approach to assessing the UAE experience. The results demonstrate that UAE economic policies reflect a remarkable degree of alignment with the principles of sustainable development, especially in the areas of diversifying income sources, strengthening the non-oil economy, investing in human capital, and integrating environmental considerations into economic planning. The study also revealed that interpreting these policies from a purposive perspective demonstrates a clear alignment with the objectives of preserving wealth and ensuring financial stability, preserving life through improved living standards and services, and preserving intellect through support for education and innovation. The study concludes that integrating sustainable development with Islamic legal objectives enables the construction of a more inclusive and equitable development model and strengthens the legitimacy of economic policies in Muslim societies, while emphasizing the importance of deepening the distributive and social dimensions to ensure the long-term sustainability of development.


 Coastal resources Baluran National Park (TNB) has been used for coastal marine and ecotourism activities. The increasing number of tourists has led to an increase in tourism activity and related activities. This condition will affect coastal habitat and air quality. This research is intended to embrace the effective management of the ecological, economic, social and institutional dimensions of coastal ecotourism in Baluran National Park. Data analysis using multidimensional scaling method (MDS). The results showed that the effectiveness index of ecotourism management in Baluran National Park is currently in the category quite effective (65.69%). Partially, the ecological dimension (84.15%) is in the effective category, while the social dimension (63.10%), economic dimension (56.46%) and institutional dimension (59.06%) are quite effective. The analysis results show that coastal ecotourism management strategy that implements integrated policy between conservation programs of coastal ecotourism resources, optimization of coastal ecotourism activities based on mangrove, coral reef and culture, increasing comfort among tourists with local communities and increasing provision of coastal ecotourism support infrastructure in the Baluran National Park.
 
 
 Keywords
 Ecotourism Strategy, Baluran National Park, multidimensional scaling

Potency Identificaton of Marine and Coastal Recources in Sabu Island for Community Empowerment in Sabu Raijua District . Research on coastal and marine resource potential for empowerment Sabu Island coastal communities in the District of Sabu Raijua was implemented in 2009 aimed at identifying: 1) the nature conditions; b) infrastructure and accessibility; c) the profile of coastal communities and the use of marine and coastal resource. The method used in this study was a survey of potential natural resources as well as human resources and literature review for the two conditions . The results showed that: 1) The condition of coastal and marine resources on the island of Sabu which could potentially be developed to empower the coastal communities were fish and non fish, but it was seaweed that developed well and has been cultivated in commercial scale. Technology of aquaculture and marine capture that were applied by the community was very simple with minimal output per capita. 3) Availability of main and supporting infrastructure including public transportation by land, sea and air were limited, streets hardening need to be expanded, at the same time, range and duration of illumination by electricity power need to be expanded for 24 hours a day. 4). The strength of cultural values system in society with a lifestyle of giving resulted on the high social costs. Recommedation developed based on the conclusion were: 1). Priority development of the potential of coastal and marine resources were directed at non commodity fish and the seaweed due to the population of coastal areas on the Sabu Island independently has developed business with commercial value which was impacted on per capita on society. On the other side, coastal resources had the potency in the increasing of business scale. 2). The development of residential total area and transportation infrastructure that support economic growth therefore can suppress the high social costs. Key words: Resources of Coastal and Marine, Community, Empowerment

Mangrove Ecotourism in Tanjung Batu is one of the unique tourist attractions on Lombok Island, featuring a scenic 11-hectare mangrove area with dense vegetation coverage. The site is equipped with several facilities, including a 417-meter wooden bridge, several gazebos, selfie spots, a homestay, and a café. The ecotourism management is handled by the Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) of Sekotong Tengah Village. This destination is quite popular, with no fewer than 300 tourists visiting each month. However, this area is prone to climate-related disaster risks such as tidal floods, strong winds, high waves, floods, and droughts. Additionally, the ecotourism management has mainly focused on physical aspects and lacks sufficient managerial skills for implementing a sustainable governance system. The proposed solution is to strengthen the Pokdarwis management to improve ecotourism governance, optimizing its potential to deliver greater social, economic, and environmental value while contributing to climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts. The conclusion from the community service activity is that to address these challenges, the community is committed to preserving the mangrove ecosystem, preventing disturbances from both internal and external factors, and managing ecotourism in a way that benefits the surrounding community by reducing climate-related disaster risks. Priority activities include mangrove rehabilitation and enrichment, beach cleanup, monthly management meetings, semi-annual evaluations, and promptly developing plans to strengthen the fishermen's economy through involvement in marine tourism packages

Five out of seven species of endangered sea turtles nest in Sri Lanka including Critically endangered Leatherback turtles and Hawksbill turtles. Destruction of the coastal ecosystems by coastal communities is a substantial problem in Sri Lanka. Coastal communities have to depend on their surrounding natural resources for survival. As a result, very important coastal habitats and coastal fauna such as the coral reefs, sea grass beds, mangroves, marine turtles and other coastal vegetation are under serious threat of extinction.The Turtle Conservation Project (TCP) established in 1993 with the aim of protecting marine turtle conservation realized the chain connection between the coastal communities and coastal resources, which heavily depend on each other. As a solution, TCP has developed an innovative concept which is referred as the ‘Community Based Ecosystem Conservation Approach’ (CBECA) to address the problems described.Community of Rekawa (a small fishing village located in southern Sri Lanka), was heavily exploiting marine and coastal resources due to poverty and lack of awareness. TCP has implemented an innovative concept which is referred as the ‘Community Based Ecosystem Conservation Approach’ (CBECA) in the conservation of marine and coastal resources and poverty alleviation, a multi-pronged approach with seven main components: 1). community livelihood development, 2). community infrastructure development, 3). environmental restoration and management, 4). community awareness/capacity development, 5). partnership building/networking, 6). knowledge management & sharing (Current & traditional knowledge), 7). utilization of local culture.TCP has improved the socioeconomic conditions and well being of the community through ‘Community Based Ecosystem Conservation Approach’ (CBECA). There, TCP implemented various community based projects at the same time, through different CBOs.TCP has formed CBOs such as community Batik group, Fish breeding group, sewing, coir mat, bee keeping, agro farming etc and provided alternative livelihood development skills training for these CBO members. TCP also provided the equipment and initial stocks of material/raw material. Further, initial capital needs were met through the revolving fund scheme. TCP has implemented infrastructure development programs such as renovation of rural roads in order to facilitate local tourism and other businesses.In addition, TCP has established a public library, public bus halting places and drinking water facilities. Further, TCP has also implemented community skills development programs such as primary school programs, computer classes, free English language classes, swimming training and disaster preparedness training. Children’s clubs were established in order to involve children in the coastal eco-system conservation and management process, providing them with necessary awareness through various educational programs. TCP has also implemented community health programs such as, medical clinics, free herbal drinks for school children, community welfare services and first aid training.The TCP developed multiple partnerships in order to make the project a success. TCP facilitated networking of CBOs into an umbrella organization/consortium of CBOs. Later this was linked to relevant government institutions, local business organizations, and international organizations such as the Marine Conservation Society (MCS), UN Volunteer Program, SCOTIA- USAID, UNDP GEF SGP, MercyCorps, etc. for necessary training, business links, marketing opportunities etc. Eg. SCOTIA-USAID helped the community Batik Group, by financing a production facility in Rekawa. Mercy Corps helped both the Batik and Coir Groups by financing for kiosks at 10 large hotels in Tangalle, to display and sell community products. The Wildlife Conservation Department has been invited and involved in the project to enforce the law and also to declare the Rakawa beach as Sri Lanka’s first Marine Turtle Sanctuary.

The main objective of this study was to understand the impacts of climate variability and change on coastal resource governance, communities’ vulnerability and livelihoods security in the district. Specifically, the study aimed to assess the effects of rainfall and temperature variability and change on coastal resource distribution and management, to examine the vulnerabilities of socio-economic activities along the coastal areas to the impacts of climate variability and change and to establish the adaptive measures that the community and other stakeholders adapted to address the impacts of climate change and variability. The research was conducted in three purposively selected villages in Pangani District. A random sample of 60 respondents participated in the study. The study employed a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods. Findings from this study demonstrate that climate change has happened and is still happening in the study area. The notable impacts of climate change include decrease of rainfall and change of rainfall seasons and patterns, emergence of new crop diseases and pests, decrease of fish catch, intrusion of salinity in the rivers and inland and general decline of crop productivity. The findings reveal that the impacts of climate change have been increasing over time between 1980 and 2014.

Coastal resource management is a significant component of the sustainable development alongside the dynamic coastal zone overlapping urban regions. The Stakeholder requirements for the strategic coastal resource planning prerequisite a systematic approach to fill the critical gap on the subject of information, knowledge, data and GIS (Geographical Information System) services in coastal cities. In order to facilitate this, we introduce an open source Web-GIS based decision support framework stated as the Coastal management information system (CMIS) which has been developed to integrate data and knowledge coupled with GIS services for the Mumbai megacity, developed using the open source platform based on PHP and Map Script. CMIS consists of three key components – Data Centre (houses different datasets for expert stakeholders), Knowledge Centre (developed for common stakeholders), and Web-GIS based online mapping tool called CMIS Online which enables a user-friendly assessment of coastal resources. The framework can serve as a dynamic mapping application for coastal features, incorporating advanced GIS functionalities. This paper further describes the methodology for the development and implementation of CMIS as a pilot initiative along the coastline. The initiative can strengthen the institutional framework between associated government agencies, coastal planners, managers, and researchers. The study also encourages the use of open source coupled GIS techniques, which can enhance the transparency in the allocations and utilization of coastal resources among various end users, and thereby the developed framework can curtail over-exploitation of resources to some extent and can aid in the progression towards a more sustainable and resilient urban environment.

The role of coastal communities in the preservation of coral reefs is an important thing to supporting the sustainable management of coastal areas. This article is objected to determine the coastal communities’ role in the management of coral reefs in water conservation areas and the level of knowledge of the coastal communities about the importance of protecting coastal ecosystems. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires, direct interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and the results were elaborated based on descriptive analysis. The results showed that the community had begun to realize how important it is to protect coral reefs for the sustainability of fisheries and other benefits of coral reefs. Healthy reefs provide many benefits to people including improving the economy of the community and increasing tourists. Community awareness is shown by their participation in activities that lead to the conservation and management of coral reefs such as transplantation of coral reefs, beach cleaning, banner making, tree planting and provision of trash bins along the coast. Those who knew the benefits and functions of coral reefs both for increasing fish populations, increasing tourists and improving the economy of the community, as well as other benefits of coral reefs for the coastal areas, was 74.5%. The role of community in the aspects of coastal and marine ecosystems management was high, as many as 72% of the community participate in every coastal and marine ecosystem management activity carried out by the government and local NGOs.

Large conservation opportunities exist in >90% of tropic-subtropic coastal habitats adjacent to cities