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Abstract
The forest management in Indonesia is currently using a new paradigm, one of which is the involvement of local communities. This paradigm applied throughout Indonesia, especially in state forest areas and customary forests. National parks are part of state forests where management involves the community. One of the management methods used is community-based ecotourism which has widely implemented to communities around the national park. This approach used to improve people livelihoods and to minimize forest encroachment, illegal logging, and illegal hunting. In this relation, this article aims to provide a description of the Indonesian research literature on ecotourism development program regarding forest management in the community around national park areas. It found that ecotourism plays a role in the forest management by improving forest management and maintaining biodiversity, including protection of endangered species and their habitats. Meanwhile, ecotourism also empowering local communities, providing direct and indirect economic benefits. Nevertheless, comprehensive management planning is needed to minimize the ecotourism impacts, such as wildlife behavior and morphological change. The previous studies give understanding about ecotourism development in national parks that can be useful to improve national park management programs. However, further studies are still needed to support sustainable national park management.
Highlights
Indonesia, as a country with the largest tropical rainforest area in Asia, has allocated 120.6 million hectares or about 63% of its land area as forest areas [1]
In term of forest management system in Indonesia, a new paradigm has been applied by involving the community and granting forest management access to the community [1]
According to MoEF [2], social forestry is a system of sustainable forest management in state forest areas or customary forests carried out by local communities, or customary law communities to improve welfare, environmental balance and socio-cultural dynamics
Summary
As a country with the largest tropical rainforest area in Asia, has allocated 120.6 million hectares or about 63% of its land area as forest areas [1]. These areas consist of 221 Strict Nature Reserves, 75 Wildlife Reserves, 50 National Parks, 23 Grand Forest Parks, 115 Nature Recreation Parks, and 13 Hunting Parks [3]. Within these types of conservation forests, forestry partnership can be implemented in all kinds of conservation forests [1]. From the six types of conservation areas, national parks are currently a priority for conservation area management This priority supported by establishing a particular institution, namely the National Park Office, to manages the national park areas [3]
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