Abstract

Most earthquake disasters occur in and at the margins of mountain lands and there is an overwhelming concentration of damages in mountain foot, intermontane basin, and mountainous coastline settlements. There is a marked coincidence between regions of recurrent, concentrated earthquake disasters and the concentration of human populations in mountain foot locations, especially in the anomalous predominance of disasters in drier lands. This aspect of earthquake risk is discussed in terms of the nature of the mountain foot or Basal Zone ecotones and problems of human settlement. The coincidence of this ecotonal settlement and recurrent disaster is not so much inherent as a product of human activity, some of it long-term but much magnified by the geoecological and socio-economic transformations of the present century. These earthquake issues are but part of much broader problems of mountain land ecology and development.

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