Ecosystem-Based Approaches and Policy Perspective from India

Abstract

Ecosystem-based approaches to climate change adaption (EbA) and disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR) utilise the opportunities created by sustainable management, conservation and restoration of ecosystem assets and services. These are not just cost-effective and flexible but can also deliver multiple benefits. These approaches have been widely recognised and accepted in the backdrop of increasing disaster risks which are known to be exacerbated due to environmental changes, viz. climate change, land use changes and ecosystem degradation. Integration of ecosystem-based interventions into developmental planning and actions can significantly contribute towards achieving developmental and economic efficiency. Over the years, there has been an evolution in India’s policy frameworks across various strategically important thematic areas and sectors, which has offered number of suitable pathways for mainstreaming of these ecosystem-based approaches into developmental planning and practice. Present paper makes a diagonal review of ecosystem-based strategies and interventions for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation through the existing policy environment across key themes and sectors. A systematic discussion of key policies for their present strengths, opportunities and customization required to foster integration of ecosystem approaches, is presented with detailed case analysis of climate change, disaster management and sectoral developmental policy contexts in India.