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Abstract
The purpose of the study is to determine the ecosystem services potential and capacity for ecological stability of the five nearest small towns to Kyiv by comparative analysis of their territories by the number of ecosystem services provided per unit area and per capita. The researched towns have a similar history of development, but differ in area, number and density of population, industrial development and land use structure. The research is conducted on the basis of public indicators of the master plans of the small towns using the transfer method and relative values. The cost of ecosystem services in the territories of the small towns is calculated according to the categories of the land fund by agricultural land, forest and water. Ecosystem services per 1 ha of each land use category are adjusted for transfer coefficient into USD, taking into account the purchasing power parity factor for Ukraine. The cost of ecosystem services per capita and 1 ha of territory of each town is calculated for the current state of towns and for a 20-year perspective. It was established that the total cost of ecosystem services in Boyarka, Vyshgorod, Bucha and Irpin towns exceeded that of the ecosystem services of Vyshneve by 3.6, 5.8, 10.6 and 25.7 times respectively The cost of ecosystem services per capita in Irpin exceeds by 28.8 times the same indicator of Vyshneve, due to the small number of water bodies, forests and agricultural lands in the territory of the latter town, as well as due to its extremely high level of develop- ment. An analysis of the dynamics of the cost of ecosystem services per unit area of the small towns shows that the maximum cost of ecosystem services per 1 hectare of urban territory is borne by Vyshgorod and Irpin, and in the long run – the maximum will be increased by 2.9 and 3.0 times in Vyshgorod and Boyarka respectively. These dynamics are due to the expansion of the urban area. The results of the study indicate the need to adjust the master plans of urban development in terms of expanding the environmental component of Irpin and Bucha.
Highlights
An important role in the implementation of the New Urban Development Program, adopted at the UN Habitat III Conference in 2016, has been given to ecosystem services (ES), and urban planning has been identified as the main tool for managing the urban environment (Sulkarnaeva, 2017)
Quantitative analysis of urban land structure dynamics is important for determining the cost of ecosystem services, which facilitates ecosystem conservation decisions (Lin et al, 2018; Greenhalgh et al, 2017)
The Cen, et al (2015) method was used to determine the cost of all ecosystem services provided to local people in the small towns, which takes into account land use types
Summary
Метою дослідження є визначення екосервісного потенціалу та потенційної екологічної стабільності п’яти найближчих до Києва малих міст шляхом порівняльного аналізу їх територій за кількістю екосистемних послуг, що надаються одиницею їх площі та на одного жителя. Вартість екосистемних послуг на одного мешканця і на 1 га міської території кожного міста розрахована для сучасного стану міст і на 20-річну перспективу. Встановлено, що загальна вартість екосистемних послуг міст Боярка, Вишгород, Буча та Ірпінь відповідно у 3,6; 5,8; 10,6 і 25,7 рази перевищує екосистемні послуги міста Вишневе. Аналіз динаміки вартості екосистемних послуг на одиницю площі малих міст показав, що максимальна вартість екосистемних послуг у розрахунку на 1 га міської території належить Вишгороду та. Результати дослідження свідчать про необхідність коригування генеральних планів міського розвитку в частині розширення екологічної компоненти для міст Ірпінь і Буча.
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