Ecophysiological Responses of Copaifera langsdorffii Grown in Mining Tailings Under Lower Water Availability

Abstract

The objective of this work was to test the effect of water limitation on Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. cultivated in mining tailings from the dam rupture in Mariana City, Brazil. Plants were grown in the mining tailing and under two conditions: field capacity (FC) and 50% FC for 60 days. The effects of water restriction on growth, gas exchange, water potential, and leaf anatomy of C. langsdorffii were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments and 15 replicates, and data was submitted to one-way ANOVA to p < 0.05. Mining tailings showed adequate nutrient levels and the presence of Al, Cd, Pb, and Cr as well as very small particles of 1.19 μm in diameter. The reduction in water availability promoted no changes in the shoot fresh weight, however, increased this parameter for the roots. In addition, water limitation increased plant investment in the root system while reduced biomass allocation to shoots. Lower water levels also increased the root length, number of leaves, and leaf area. However, both water potential and content were not changed by reduced water availability. Lower water levels also increased gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll content. In addition, 50% FC increased the stomatal length/width ratio and their size though no effect in stomatal density was found. Thus, Copaifera langsdorffii grows and thrives in mining tailings even under reduced water availability up to 50% FC showing potential for reforestation systems.