Abstract
There is a worldwide trend to intensify the use of desalination to reduce current or future water shortage. Over a billion people worldwide lack access to sufficient water of good quality [1]. Most of these people live in Asia and Africa. The growing population and steady increase in the living standards lead to increasing the specific water consumption per capita. A considerable increase in the world population (over the next decade) will be concentrated mainly in most of the developing countries and particularly in Africa, causing severe water shortages [2]. As a result, 40% of the world population is facing serious water shortage, mostly in remote rural areas and expanding urban areas [3]. According to a market research, a predicted average 3% increase in annual demand for fresh water would require an annual investment of about $500 billion in water supply [4].
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