Abstract
AbstractAchieving a supply-demand water balance in Arizona depends on full utilization of the regional allotment of Central Arizona Project (CAP) water. The total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration at the CAP turnout to Cortaro Marana Irrigation District (CMID) in Tucson, Arizona (∼790 mg/L), is more than three times that of native groundwater. As a consequence, 200,000 t/year of salt accumulates, creating a major long-term issue. Reverse osmosis (RO) was evaluated for salt management. Pilot-scale studies indicated that scaling limits water recovery to 75–80% during conventional RO desalination of CAP water. To increase water recovery (1) ion exchange (IX) pretreatment of the RO influent and (2) posttreatment of RO brine using vibratory shear enhanced processing (VSEP) were evaluated. When scale-forming cations, barium and calcium, are removed via IX pretreatment, the expected maximum water recovery is >95% based on solubility product calculations. Alternatively, the water lost as brine can be reduced...
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