Abstract
Importance. One of the problems in the field of waste management in Russia is the exclusion of food waste, which has the largest share in the volume of municipal solid waste, from the processes of separate collection and accumulation. This preserves high risks of environmental pollution, increases waste management costs and economic losses from the loss of valuable recyclable materials. Logistics is a negative factor in the economy of waste management, the shoulder of transportation at all stages of circulation is usually large due to the remoteness of the places of formation from the places of processing and disposal. Objectives are substantiation of solving the problem of food waste management in Russia on the basis of separate collection, utilization and processing. To develop the necessary justification for solving the problem, the following tasks were set: analysis of the state of waste management in Russia; comparison of the applied methods of processing food waste; identifying ways to include households in the food waste management process; compilation of a transport model of costs for garbage removal to the places of accumulation and processing; calculation of savings in transportation costs due to the processing of the food component in the places of its formation. Methods. Justification of the priority separate collection and processing of food waste is carried out by methods of modeling, calculation of savings and factor analysis of the impact of separate collection on costs in the field of waste management. The research materials were statistical, planned and reporting data, the results obtained by domestic and foreign researchers on this topic. Results. A model of transport costs for the separate collection of waste has been developed, the quantitative effect of the separate collection of food waste on the change in transport costs for the removal of solid municipal waste has been determined using the example of urban municipalities of the Republic of Khakassia. Models of MSW transportation have been developed so far without taking selectivity into account. The factors of reducing transport costs have been identified. The discussion of the results. The developed model of transport costs for separate waste collection is useful for adjusting territorial waste management schemes in any region. The difference between this model and the existing ones is the accounting for the separate collection of food waste, which reduces transportation costs and overall costs in the industry. The implementation of the model is facilitated by the creation of a digital waste management infrastructure.
Highlights
ĐĐ»Ń ŃĐ°Đ·ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐž ĐœĐ”ĐŸĐ±Ń ĐŸĐŽĐžĐŒĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐŸĐ±ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ”ĐŒŃ ŃŃĐ°ĐČОлОŃŃ Đ·Đ°ĐŽĐ°ŃĐž: Đ°ĐœĐ°Đ»ĐžĐ· ŃĐŸŃŃĐŸŃĐœĐžŃ ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ Ń ĐŸŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐ°ĐŒĐž ĐČ Đ ĐŸŃŃОО; ŃŃĐ°ĐČĐœĐ”ĐœĐžĐ” ĐżŃĐžĐŒĐ”ĐœŃĐ”ĐŒŃŃ ŃĐżĐŸŃĐŸĐ±ĐŸĐČ ĐżĐ”ŃĐ”ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐž пОŃĐ”ĐČŃŃ ĐŸŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐČ; ĐŸĐżŃĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ”ĐœĐžĐ” ĐżŃŃĐ”Đč ĐČĐșĐ»ŃŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐŽĐŸĐŒĐŸŃ ĐŸĐ·ŃĐčŃŃĐČ ĐČ ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃ ŃĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐżĐžŃĐ”ĐČŃĐŒĐž ĐŸŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐ°ĐŒĐž; ŃĐŸŃŃĐ°ĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžĐ” ŃŃĐ°ĐœŃĐżĐŸŃŃĐœĐŸĐč ĐŒĐŸĐŽĐ”Đ»Đž ŃĐ°ŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐČ ĐżĐŸ ĐČŃĐČĐŸĐ·Ń ĐŒŃŃĐŸŃĐ° Đș ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ°ĐŒ ĐœĐ°ĐșĐŸĐżĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ Đž пДŃĐ”ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐž; ŃĐ°ŃŃĐ”Ń ŃĐșĐŸĐœĐŸĐŒĐžĐž ŃŃĐ°ĐœŃĐżĐŸŃŃĐœŃŃ ŃĐ°ŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐČ Đ·Đ° ŃŃĐ”Ń ĐżĐ”ŃĐ”ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐž пОŃĐ”ĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐœĐ”ĐœŃĐ° ĐČ ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ°Ń Đ”ĐłĐŸ ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°Đ·ĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ
РазлОŃĐžŃ ĐŒĐŸŃŃĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐŸŃŃĐ°ĐČĐ° ŃĐČĐ”ŃĐŽŃŃ ĐșĐŸĐŒĐŒŃĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃŃ ĐŸŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐČ Đž ŃĐŸŃОалŃĐœĐŸ-ŃĐșĐŸĐœĐŸĐŒĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžŃ ŃŃĐ»ĐŸĐČĐžĐč ĐŸĐ±ŃŃĐ»ĐŸĐČлОĐČĐ°ŃŃ ĐœĐ°ŃĐžĐŸĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃĐ” ĐŸŃĐŸĐ±Đ”ĐœĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒ ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ Ń ĐŸŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐ°ĐŒĐž
One of the problems in the field of waste management in Russia is the exclusion of food waste, which has the largest share in the volume of municipal solid waste, from the processes of separate collection and accumulation
Summary
ĐĐŽĐœĐŸĐč Оз ĐżŃĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ”ĐŒ ĐČ ŃŃĐ”ŃĐ” ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ Ń ĐŸŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐ°ĐŒĐž ĐČ Đ ĐŸŃŃОО ŃĐČĐ»ŃĐ”ŃŃŃ ĐžŃĐșĐ»ŃŃĐ”ĐœĐžĐ” пОŃĐ”ĐČŃŃ ĐŸŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐČ, ĐžĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐžŃ ĐœĐ°ĐžĐ±ĐŸĐ»ŃŃŃŃ ĐŽĐŸĐ»Ń ĐČ ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ”ĐŒĐ” ŃĐČĐ”ŃĐŽŃŃ ĐșĐŸĐŒĐŒŃĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃŃ ĐŸŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐČ, Оз ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃĐŸĐČ ŃазЎДлŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ±ĐŸŃĐ° Đž ĐœĐ°ĐșĐŸĐżĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ. ĐĐ±ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ŃĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ”ĐŒŃ ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ Ń ĐżĐžŃĐ”ĐČŃĐŒĐž ĐŸŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐ°ĐŒĐž ĐČ Đ ĐŸŃŃОО ĐœĐ° ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐ” ŃазЎДлŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ±ĐŸŃĐ°, ŃŃОлОзаŃОО Đž пДŃĐ”ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐž. ĐĐ»Ń ŃĐ°Đ·ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐž ĐœĐ”ĐŸĐ±Ń ĐŸĐŽĐžĐŒĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐŸĐ±ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ”ĐŒŃ ŃŃĐ°ĐČОлОŃŃ Đ·Đ°ĐŽĐ°ŃĐž: Đ°ĐœĐ°Đ»ĐžĐ· ŃĐŸŃŃĐŸŃĐœĐžŃ ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ Ń ĐŸŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐ°ĐŒĐž ĐČ Đ ĐŸŃŃОО; ŃŃĐ°ĐČĐœĐ”ĐœĐžĐ” ĐżŃĐžĐŒĐ”ĐœŃĐ”ĐŒŃŃ ŃĐżĐŸŃĐŸĐ±ĐŸĐČ ĐżĐ”ŃĐ”ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐž пОŃĐ”ĐČŃŃ ĐŸŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐČ; ĐŸĐżŃĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ”ĐœĐžĐ” ĐżŃŃĐ”Đč ĐČĐșĐ»ŃŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐŽĐŸĐŒĐŸŃ ĐŸĐ·ŃĐčŃŃĐČ ĐČ ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃ ŃĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐżĐžŃĐ”ĐČŃĐŒĐž ĐŸŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐ°ĐŒĐž; ŃĐŸŃŃĐ°ĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžĐ” ŃŃĐ°ĐœŃĐżĐŸŃŃĐœĐŸĐč ĐŒĐŸĐŽĐ”Đ»Đž ŃĐ°ŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐČ ĐżĐŸ ĐČŃĐČĐŸĐ·Ń ĐŒŃŃĐŸŃĐ° Đș ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ°ĐŒ ĐœĐ°ĐșĐŸĐżĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ Đž пДŃĐ”ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐž; ŃĐ°ŃŃĐ”Ń ŃĐșĐŸĐœĐŸĐŒĐžĐž ŃŃĐ°ĐœŃĐżĐŸŃŃĐœŃŃ ŃĐ°ŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐČ Đ·Đ° ŃŃĐ”Ń ĐżĐ”ŃĐ”ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐž пОŃĐ”ĐČĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐœĐ”ĐœŃĐ° ĐČ ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ°Ń Đ”ĐłĐŸ ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°Đ·ĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ. ĐĐ±ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ŃĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐżŃĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ”ĐŒŃ ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°ŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ Ń ĐżĐžŃĐ”ĐČŃĐŒĐž ĐŸŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐ°ĐŒĐž ĐœĐ° ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐ” ĐžŃ ŃазЎДлŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ±ĐŸŃĐ°, ŃŃОлОзаŃОО Đž пДŃĐ”ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐž ŃĐČĐ»ŃĐ”ŃŃŃ ŃДлŃŃ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ. ĐĐ°ĐșĐŸĐœĐ° ŃлДЎŃĐ”Ń ĐżŃДЎŃŃĐŒĐŸŃŃĐ”ŃŃ ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ·Đ°ŃДлŃĐœŃĐč ŃазЎДлŃĐœŃĐč ŃĐ±ĐŸŃ, ŃĐŸĐ·ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ŃĐ”ĐłĐžĐŸĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃĐŒĐž ĐŸĐżĐ”ŃĐ°ŃĐŸŃĐ°ĐŒĐž ĐžĐœŃŃĐ°ŃŃŃŃĐșŃŃŃŃ ŃазЎДлŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ±ĐŸŃĐ° Đž ĐČŃĐ±ĐŸŃ ĐŽĐŸĐŒĐ°ŃĐœĐžĐŒĐž Ń ĐŸĐ·ŃĐčŃŃĐČĐ°ĐŒĐž Đž ĐżŃДЎпŃĐžŃŃĐžŃĐŒĐž ĐČĐ°ŃĐžĐ°ĐœŃĐŸĐČ: Đ°) ŃŃĐ°ĐœŃĐżĐŸŃŃĐžŃĐŸĐČĐșĐž ĐŸŃŃ ĐŸĐŽĐŸĐČ ĐČ ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ° ŃĐ±ĐŸŃĐ° Đž пДŃĐ”ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐž, б) пДŃĐ”ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐž ĐœĐ° ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ” ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°Đ·ĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐżŃŃĐ”ĐŒ ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸŃŃĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐžĐ»Đž ĐžĐ·ĐŒĐ”Đ»ŃŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ Ń ĐżĐŸŃлДЎŃŃŃĐžĐŒ ŃĐŽĐ°Đ»Đ”ĐœĐžĐ”ĐŒ ŃĐ”ŃДз ĐșĐ°ĐœĐ°Đ»ĐžĐ·Đ°ŃĐžĐŸĐœĐœŃŃ ŃĐ”ŃŃ
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