Economical Synthesis of Biodiesel by Using Waste Chicken Bone Derived Doped Calcium Oxide Catalysts

Abstract

The study focused on the economical synthesis of biodiesel by using novel heterogeneous catalysts from transesterification of waste cooking oil. Significance of this research is in the fact that Calcium oxide (CaO), which is the key component of catalyst was extracted from calcination of waste chicken bones at 900 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> C. Later on, the calcined CaO was used as substrate for the doping of transition metals essentially copper and cobalt to form Co-doped CaO and Cu-doped CaO catalysts. In addition to this, the feedstock was waste cooking oil to prepare biodiesel from these specific catalysts. Furthermore, the feasibility of these significant catalysts for the production of biodiesel was examined whether they were compatible for the manufacturing of biodiesel. Therefore, characterization of the synthesized catalysts was done by FTIR and SEM-EDX. Various reaction parameters like reaction time, temperature, oil to methanol ratio, and essentially the amount of catalyst was changed in certain attempts to evaluate their impact on the synthesis of biodiesel. Evaluation of synthesized biodiesel was carried out by GC-MS. Fuel properties (Flash Point, Viscosity, Density and Cloud Point) were also analyzed and compared with ASTM D6751. Results suggested that the doped catalyst were useful for the synthesis of biodiesel. Hence, this research supports the recycling of biomass for the production of biodiesel.