Abstract
As the living standards of Chinese people have been improving, the energy demand for cooling and heating, mainly in the form of electricity, has also expanded. Since an integrated cooling, heating and power supply system (CCHP) will serve this demand better, the government is now attaching more importance to the application of CCHP energy systems. Based on the characteristics of the combined cooling heating and power supply system, and the method of levelized cost of energy, two calculation methods for the evaluation of the economical efficiency of the system are employed when the energy production in the system is dealt with from the perspective of exergy. According to the first method, fuel costs account for about 75% of the total cost. In the second method, the profits from heating and cooling are converted to fuel costs, resulting in a significant reduction of fuel costs, accounting for 60% of the total cost. Then the heating and cooling parameters of gas turbine exhaust, heat recovery boiler, lithium-bromide heat-cooler and commercial tariff of provincial capitals were set as benchmark based on geographic differences among provinces, and the economical efficiency of combined cooling heating and power systems in each province were evaluated. The results shows that the combined cooling heating and power system is economical in the developed areas of central and eastern China, especially in Hubei and Zhejiang provinces, while in other regions it is not. The sensitivity analysis was also made on related influencing factors of fuel cost, demand intensity in heating and cooling energy, and bank loans ratio. The analysis shows that the levelized cost of energy of combined cooling heating and power systems is very sensitive to exergy consumption and fuel costs. When the consumption of heating and cooling energy increases, the unit cost decreases by 0.1 yuan/kWh, and when the on-grid power ratio decreases by 20%, the cost may increase by 0.1 yuan/kWh. Finally, some suggestions were offered from the perspective of the power grid, gas sector reform, heating and cooling systems and other aspects to promote the use of combined cooling heating and power systems in the future.
Highlights
Since the economic and energy structures have been continuously improved, and the energy consumption structures have kept changing in various countries, abundant studies have been done on the centralized power generation taking natural gas as the fuel [1] and the distributed energy sources system
The results show that there is little difference between the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) by the two methods, and that under current policy conditions, the price of per unit exergy of the CCHP energy system in the regions studied in this paper is about 0.8 yuan
Two methods are employed in this paper to calculate the LCOE for evaluating the economical Two methods are employed in this paper to calculate the LCOE for evaluating the economical efficiency of CCHP energy systems
Summary
Since the economic and energy structures have been continuously improved, and the energy consumption structures have kept changing in various countries, abundant studies have been done on the centralized power generation taking natural gas as the fuel [1] and the distributed energy sources system. A Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) energy system possesses excellent adaptability, since it does not impose high requirements on heat source varieties. A Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) system is a new type of energy system built at the user location or nearby. It is based on the concept of energy cascade utilization, which integrates refrigeration, heating and power generation [10]. Compared with other distributed energy forms, CCHP systems are mature and widely used internationally, and they are the main direction of China’s distributed energy development
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