Abstract
In this study, the annual energy consumptions of four different heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems serving to operation rooms (ORs) located at five different cities (Izmir, Antalya, Istanbul, Ankara and, Erzurum) in Turkey are analyzed. The study is performed for four different HVAC systems: (a) 100% fresh air system (System I), (b) 100% fresh air with half air volume rate at night period (System II), (c) 100% fresh air with half air volume rate at night period and heat recovery unit (System III), (d) 50% fresh air with half air volume rate at night period and with heat recovery and mixing units (System IV). Life cycle cost (LCC) for 20 years life span is calculated for the considered systems. It is found that System IV considerably reduces energy consumption and it is economically proper for the considered cities. The rate of energy consumption and LCC reductions are greater for the cities with extreme climate condition having relatively low specific humidity ratio. Using System IV instead of System I reduces OR energy consumption by 74% for the city of Erzurum which has a cold and dry climate.
Highlights
A hospital operating room (OR) as a part of health care facility is one of the most complex indoor spaces in terms of their usage purposes
An analysis on energy consumption of four different HVAC systems for single OR in five different Turkish cities corresponding to different climate conditions was performed to investigate the proper system for each city
The investment costs of HVAC systems of an OR for different Turkish cities were found close to each others due to regular capacities of HVAC equipment produced in the market
Summary
A hospital operating room (OR) as a part of health care facility is one of the most complex indoor spaces in terms of their usage purposes. The reason for using sterile air in ORs is creating a germ-free environment and keeping this sterile environment condition steady, as much as possible, for all patients and total hospital staff Application of this type of HVAC systems reduces the risk of infection transmission among patients, surgeons, anesthesiologists, and other medical personnel. Due to well-known effects of HVAC systems on SSI rates, other organizations in the United States, Germany, and Australia have developed various standards and guidelines for HVAC design parameters in ORs [8]. HVAC parameters of an OR are described to provide a background for reader to understand the function of HVAC system equipment used in ORs. four different HVAC systems used for ORs are analyzed and their annual energy consumptions for different climate conditions are compared based on the performed simulation. In addition to the annual energy analysis, a net present value (NPV) method is used to determine life cycle cost (LLC) of considered HVAC systems for identical ORs in the five cities
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