Abstract
Cultural ecosystem service (CES) is one of the important components in the ecosystem services framework which was designed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Cultural ecosystems services are the non-material benefits provides by various ecosystem services such as forest, wetland etc. CES is the vital contribution in the human well-being such as good physical and mental health. Further, CES is the major role in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for health and well-being. CES is still less primary investigation the economic literature especially in the Indian context link with the sustainable ecosystem management. Therefore, economic value of cultural ecosystem services is needed to study in the local level aspects. In the above mentioned context, this chapter is present the economic value of cultural ecosystem services in India. The main policy implication of the study is to design entry fee for many protected areas such as wildlife sanctuary, national park as well as sustainable environmental management for the present and future generation.
Highlights
Cultural ecosystem services (CES) is non-material benefits provided by ecosystem services
Of the 22 peer-reviewed articles included in this review on economic value of recreational ecosystem services in India; there is the (12) studies on forest cultural ecosystem services various, (5) lake ecosystem services and each one from botanical garden, zoological park and marine ecosystem services parts of the country (Figure 2)
There are only four articles has published in the Ecosystem Services journal for example, Verma et al [27] the value of cultural ecosystem services provided by the five tiger reserves at the US$ 13.8 million from (Corbett Tiger Reserve, Kanha Tiger Reserve, Kaziranga Tiger Reserve, Periyar Tiger Reserve and Sundarbans Tiger Reserve), followed by Ninan and Kontoleon (2016) had estimated the value of recreational ecosystem services at the US$ 0.41 million by Nagarhole national park in Karnataka
Summary
Cultural ecosystem services (CES) is non-material benefits provided by ecosystem services. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment [1–3] defined that “nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, cognitive development, reflection, recreation and aesthetic experiences”. MEA has classified such as cultural diversity, spiritual and religious values, knowledge systems, educational values, inspiration, aesthetic values, social relations, sense of place, cultural heritage value and recreation and ecotourism (See Table 1). Heretofore, most of the cultural ecosystem services have not been studied empirically at the local and national level. There are a number of studies in tourism and recreational ecosystem services, Hermes et al, (2018), Fischer et al, (2018), Europe; Mayer et al, [4] Germany; Arslan et al (2020), Turkey; Ribeiro et al, (2018), Brazil; Costanza et al 1997, Global; Su, Li and Chen (2019); China. In India, there are a number of studies for example, Sinclair et al, (2018), tropical ramsar wetland; Balasubramanian [5] recreational value of two protected areas in Karnataka; Subramanian and Jana [6, 7] estimated the recreational value of some Indian
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