Abstract
This chapter discusses the economic costs and benefits of citizenship acquisition for immigrants, their countries of naturalization and origin. While most studies addressing the economic effects of naturalization focus on costs and mostly benefits for immigrants, there are two important gaps in the literature: the effect of naturalization on residents and overall economy of the destination and home countries. Based on a modern economic model of citizenship ascension, which combines human capital theory and immigration and citizenship policies, the chapter addresses a series of key questions as follows: how and why does the economic citizenship premium vary by gender, immigrant source country, entry path and waiting period for citizenship ascension? And how do specific policies such as dual citizenship in both sending and host countries affect the size of the economic premium for the three parties involved in the process, namely, immigrants and their countries of origin and destination?
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