Abstract
In recent decades, fishing sustainability has been subject to intense international debate. Overfishing and contamination of the marine environment are elements that contribute to a reduction in fish stock and catches, often leading to declining income and employment, especially in rural areas. We present a sustainable fisheries model that promotes artisanal fishing while incorporating replacement rates of fish stock and actions that benefit the fishing industry. First, the sustainable fisheries model defines the guidelines and actions that may apply either together or independently, sequentially, or simultaneously, according to a defined budget. These concrete actions are quantified and incorporated into an environmentally extended input-output model to evaluate the economic impact on the Spanish fishing industry. The impact is complemented with an assessment of social impact (employment) and environmental impact (estimated reduction of CO2 emissions).
Highlights
Global fisheries may underperform due to overfishing, harmful subsidies, and over-capacity [1,2]
We determine the direct impact of the activity on the production fabric, the sectors affected by the investment in each activity identified, and the direct and indirect impact on production and employment using the IO methodology, as described above, in addition to the environmental impact
Other than the fishing industry, the most affected sectors by the action proposed to move towards a sustainable fisheries model are the Services not aimed at promoting sales, which are basically public services—with an increase in production of approximately 1702 million euros and the creation of 29,160 jobs during the decade (Table 5), and the Other services sector—in which production would increase by 1092 million euros, and 7418 new jobs would be created
Summary
Global fisheries may underperform due to overfishing, harmful subsidies, and over-capacity [1,2]. Along the same lines as the SSF Guidelines, we establish a series of criteria for sustainable fishing, based on eight different areas related to the ecosystem: protection of susceptible species and habitats, maintenance of all types of species at acceptable levels, use of selective fishing methods, maintenance of biodiversity, reduction of energy and chemical products used, social, and economic responsibility and justice and the awareness of the origin of catches at all times throughout the chain. The concept of sustainable fishing is not currently limited to an environmental context but refers to a triangle that includes environmental, economic, and social sustainability Under this framework, the sustainable fisheries model proposed and evaluated in this study is guided by SSF Guidelines and based on the correct application of the criteria passed by the CFP, with certain additional measures.
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