Abstract
Economic sanctions are rapidly becoming one of the major tools of international governance. Sanctions can be applied for a variety of reasons, including to punish or to weaken a target, to signal disapproval, to induce a change in policy, or to bring about regime change. Post Cold War, they have become a popular response to myriad threats to international peace and security. Since 1990, the UN has imposed such sanctions on Afghanistan, Angola, Cote d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ethiopia and Eritrea, Haiti, Iraq, Liberia, Libya, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, the former Yugoslavia, North Korea and Iran. However, literature is replete with studies questioning the effectiveness of economic sanctions as a tool to induce desired changes in the target state. The aim of this paper is to sift through the relevant literature and identify the key factors that engender non-compliance vis-a-vis sanctions by the target state.
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