Abstract
The study focuses on the aspects of environmental protection practices in the Russian Federation primarily with regard to industrial and household waste management. Waste now occupies significant areas and causes pollution of the adjacent territories and specifically underground waters that further mix with, and significantly spoil, ground waters. The study addresses the technologies of interaction and methods of economic stimulation to improve waste management going further both at the regional and national level. Almost no progress has been achieved in this direction in the Russian Federation over the past ten years – the main technological mechanism adopted in major cities and other major infrastructure facilities consisted in waste removal to a landfill without any specific treatment. More recently, urban and technological development has intensified environmental problems. The paper outlines waste management practices employed in Russia and other countries and provides an efficiency assessment. The basic economic mechanisms, such as tariff regulation, environmental levy and environmental impact fees, are described and assessed in terms of their stimulating effects on waste management improvement in the Russian Federation. Aspects of waste removal under a single regional operator are discussed and a model of public-private partnership in waste management is proposed and detailed.
Highlights
One of the principal and nearly global problems today is arguably the problem of waste management, comprising waste removal and disposal, and waste utilisation
Almost no progress has been achieved in this direction in the Russian Federation over the past ten years – the main technological mechanism adopted in major cities and other major infrastructure facilities consisted in waste removal to a landfill without any specific treatment
According to the Environmental Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2025, previous economic operation produced more than 30,000 million tons of accumulated waste (Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resource Management, n.d.)
Summary
One of the principal and nearly global problems today is arguably the problem of waste management, comprising waste removal and disposal, and waste utilisation. The study addresses the technologies of interaction and methods of economic stimulation to improve waste management going further both at the regional and national level. In Russia, there are more than 15 thousand industrial and household waste disposal sites occupying approximately 4 million ha in total. For Saint Petersburg, the annual MSW generation rate is approximately 8.26 million tons, which is a significant figure for the region, given that the environmental assimilating capacity of the Saint Petersburg territory is moderate and natural conversion would take years, even though the territory predominantly deals with fourth and fifth-class waste. ECONOMIC MECHANISMS DIRECTLY ENGAGED IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL
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