Economic Loss of Timber Caused by Over Stumps and Defects in Community Forests Terai Nepal

Shailaza Wosthi,Bijay Yadav,Manoj Panta,Ram Asheshwar Mandal

doi:10.32861/ijwpds.67.74.80

Abstract

The economic loss of timber caused by over stumps and defects is an essential issue in forest science but study regarding this is very limited in Nepal. Thus, this research was objectively conducted to assess the volume of timber loss and associated monetary loss caused by over stumps and defects in logs and reason behind this. Three community forests namely Deurali, Jay Durga and Raniphanta community forests were selected for this research. Total enumeration was done so 375 stumps and 224 defected logs were measured from15 March to 15 April, 2019. The height and diameter at the butt end were measured using simple tape and D-tape respectively. Additionally, the length and diameter of defects in log was recorded. Total thirty key informant interviews and three focus group discussions were organized to assess the major causes of over stumps and defects. The timber volume loss caused by over stumps was calculated using cylindrical volume formula and volume loss caused by defect was calculated using formula, i.e. gross volume - net volume. The price of wood was collected from community forest to calculate the monetary value of timber loss. The principal component analysis was applied to assess the major causes of over stumps and defect in log. The highest total volume loss was recorded around 15.217 m3 (28.49%) caused by over stumps and out of this, it was 53.41 m3 timber loss in Deurali community forest. The loss due to defects in tree was ranged from 128.57 to 284.21 m3 in the community forests. The monetary value of loss caused by over stump was US$ 6971.14 of Shorea robusta in Deurali community forest and it was US$ 8100.52 because of defect. The principal component analysis showed that use of saw and axe for felling the trees in the community forests was considered as highest factor of over stump and diseases and over mature trees were key factors of wood defect. The research will be useful for policy makers and scientific community to monitor the timber loss.

Highlights

The current phase of crisis and restructuring of globalization is an epoch where all economic and business networks are heading towards rapid mutations and readjustments in all spatial levels: local, regional, national, international, and global (Andreou et al, 2017; Laudicina and Peterson, 2016; Vlados, 2020)
Through the overview of different theoretical perspectives of these three analytical classes, it was identified that business ecosystems theory contains most of the necessary elements of the evolutionary approach that can be valorized in making policies for all socio-economic systems, regardless of their size or stage of development
This finding drove us to combine the biological view of business ecosystems with the Stra.Tech.Man physiology approach, in which it is suggested that the organizations are entities that synthesize the spheres of strategy, technology, and management to survive and innovate

Summary

Introduction

The current phase of crisis and restructuring of globalization is an epoch where all economic and business networks are heading towards rapid mutations and readjustments in all spatial levels: local, regional, national, international, and global (Andreou et al, 2017; Laudicina and Peterson, 2016; Vlados, 2020). The current structural crisis of the global economy –which some analysts see as the fourth industrial revolution (Schwab, 2016) – is, an evolutionary phase of capitalism, characterized by a continuous innovative transformation that readjusts the different correlations of power and the standards for efficiency, survival, and development (Vlados et al, 2018) In this continually altering context, innovation enhancement policies must occupy a central role in making the economy and the businesses more competitive and driving the different socioeconomic systems to novel and anti-crisis trajectories (Rinkinen and Harmaakorpi, 2019). This evolutionary approach to change is the gravest issue that concerns evolutionary economics, attempting to understand the constant progress and transformation caused by the continuing innovation in the different socio-economic systems (Nelson et al, 2018)

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