Economic Feasibility of Management of Fertilization in the Soybean-Corn System Cultivated in Succession

Abstract

Fertilization management is one of the agricultural practices that demand high investment. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the economic viability of using combinations of fertilizers applied to soybean and corn cultivated in succession in Goiás Savanna soil. The experiment was carried out in the field, in randomized blocks. The fertilization management consisted of the combination of monoammonium phosphate fertilizers; urea; 08:40:00 +9.3%S and 3.2% Ca; simple superphosphate; potassium chloride; elemental sulfur; polyhalite (37% K2O + 9.2% S, 5.8% Ca and 1.7% Mg) and polyhalite S (14% K2O + 19.2% S, 12% Ca and 3.6% Mg) which were applied in soybean sowing and evaluated the residual effect on corn. The economic assessment took into account crop productivity and fertilizer prices in the 2018/2019 agricultural year. For each treatment, the operating cost (COi) and profitability indicators were calculated: gross revenue (GRi); net revenue (NRi); profitability index (PITi); equilibrium production (Yei) and equilibrium price (Pei). Crop productivity was not influenced by fertilizer management, showing that economic indicators can help producers choose the management with the best return and that adjusts to the financial situation of the rural company. Thus, it is concluded that the management of MAP + KCl fertilization was economically outstanding in soybean cultivation and the MAP/S + KCl applied to soybeans, associated with nitrogen fertilization in corn coverage was the most viable for off-season corn. The economic indicators showed that the MAP+KCl fertilization performed on soybean, associated with urea in corn coverage, is the most viable management system for the soybean-corn production system cultivated in succession.