Economic Efficiency Of Winter Wheat Cultivation According To Traditional And Zero Technology

Abstract

The article substantiates the possibility and economic feasibility of cultivating winter wheat using zero technology. The research revealed that using direct sowing technology, the top mulch layer of plant residues promotes better moisture of the underlying layer and reduces the soil temperature. In this connection, by the time of sowing of winter wheat, according to the zero technology, in the layer of 0.0-0.20 m it was within 15.6-26.8 mm, and according to the traditional technology 10.2 -23.8 mm with the generally accepted technology, the number of ergonomically valuable aggregates is reduced compared to zero technology. According to the traditional technology, in the phase of full ripeness of winter wheat, it almost doubles, and is in the range of 6.4 -7.4%. The presence of this fraction can lead to such negative phenomena in agriculture as erosion and deflation; water resistance of soil aggregates during the spring growing season of winter wheat with zero technology is within 68 -72%, and according to the traditional – within 66-70.1%. With traditional technology, an increase in soil density is observed compared to direct sowing by 0.03-0.04 g /sm3. This convincingly shows that as a result of intensive mechanical action on the soil, a certain amount of dust-like fraction is formed. Biological processes occurring in the soil during the decomposition of the mass of plant residues contribution to the optimization of agrophysical indicators, lead to decomposition of soil cultivation of winter wheat using zero technology from an economic viewpoint; the level of profitability is about 110-140%.