Economic efficiency of creation and use of long-term hayfields on dry lands of the Non-Chernozem zone

Abstract

In order to accelerate the implementation of improved technologies, taking into account the requirements of a market economy, the economic assessment of the creation and use of long-term haymaking was carried out according to five technological systems of management, using the methodology approved by the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1995). On long-term haymaking (75 years of life) over the past 28 years, productivity in extensive low-cost management systems amounted to 1.9-3.9 thousand fodder. units / ha, conditionally net income 11.7-13.2 thousand rubles / ha, with a production profitability of 52-174%. In intensive technological systems, the productivity of long-term haymaking increased to 3.4-4.5 thousand fodder. units / ha, conditionally net income from 11.9 to 16.2 thousand rubles / ha, with a production profitability of 56-60%. Extensive management systems can be used on farms with limited material and technical resources. Capital costs for the creation of long-term haymaking during the development period (2 years) amounted to 32.5 thousand rubles / ha, which paid off in 1.4-3.0 years, the annual production costs for five technological systems - 6.6-28, 3 thousand rubles per year, 40-75% of them were hay bales, with a feed unit cost of 3.5-6.4 rubles. The creation of long-term hayfields on the basis of self-renewing cereal species of phytocenosis allows saving material resources for re-planting herbage by 8-10 times, providing animals with high-quality hay, and reducing the volume of concentrates in the winter stall period.