Abstract
The aim of this research is to help public transport managers to make decisions on the type of buses that should compose their public transport fleet, taking into account economic, environmental and social criteria from the point of view of sustainability. This paper fills a knowledge gap by including the social dimension of sustainability in addition to the economic and environmental dimensions. The original nature of this study lies in analyzing complementarities in the structuring of an efficiency and multicriteria problem. Our research analyzes Madrid public bus system data; the problem is structured in a comparative way between two analytical methods, a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and an ELimination Et Choice Translating REality (ELECTRE) III. Our research results show that two main groups of vehicles could play a part in part the theoretical solution. The main conclusions of this research are that (a) plug-in and induction electric vehicles are not comparable to GNC and diesel–hybrid vehicles in terms of cost, pollution and service; and (b) the ELECTRE III model provides more information in solving this problem than the DEA model.
Highlights
Policy makers are under strong political and social pressure to define a management strategy for urban public transport systems to comply with both environmental regulations [1,2,3,4] and public spending constraints
From a methodological point of view, this study proposes a comparison between two rankings, one obtained with a multicriteria decisionaiding model (MCDA) and the other with a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model
The proposed multicriteria decision model is based on 2020 Madrid urban public road transport data published by Madrid City Council [56,57,58], which has been compiled by the authors and assessed by a panel of twenty experts to identify the criteria, factors and weights included in the model
Summary
Policy makers are under strong political and social pressure to define a management strategy for urban public transport systems to comply with both environmental regulations [1,2,3,4] and public spending constraints. This is an important problem because less polluting buses are more expensive [5,6,7] and it is quite difficult for policy makers to decide what type of vehicles to use for road public transport systems. From a methodological point of view, this study proposes a comparison between two rankings, one obtained with a multicriteria decisionaiding model (MCDA) and the other with a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model
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