Abstract
Optimisation of heat and electrical load distribution, where the objective function is the maximum efficiency of the CHP unit for a given load range, can be done considering the limitations of electrical power and the heat load. Simulating a real CHP unit with a district heating network shows that demand-side management can improve the overall economic efficiency of the CHP plant and increase the unit’s operating range in the electricity spot market. Economic dispatch makes it possible to determine a reasonable additional increase in the electric power of the CHP unit, and to optimise the supply temperature and mass flow of the district heating network. The results obtained and the analysis performed indicate that the proposed methodology provides logical results and can be used to calculate the efficiency indicators of the cogeneration of electrical and thermal energy. The problem of optimising the operating mode of the CHP unit was solved, which allows us to determine the optimal additional increase in the unit’s electrical load at a given heat load of consumers, which on average increases the CHP unit’s efficiency up to an additional 1.5%.
Highlights
In today’s European district heating networks, about three-quarters of the total heat supply is provided by CHP units
Optimisation of heat and electrical load distribution, where the objective function is the maximum efficiency of the CHP unit for a given load range, can be done considering the fact that electrical power is limited by the heat load
The CHP unit is loaded more optimally, which increases the efficiency of electricity up to 0.5%, and the overall efficiency of the unit up to an additional 1.0% with a heat supply of supply of 40 MW
Summary
In today’s European district heating networks, about three-quarters of the total heat supply is provided by CHP units. Since the beginning of 2013, the Estonian electricity market has been fully open to all electricity consumers and is run by Nord Pool. Due to the increase in the variance of the price of electricity, it is important for the profitability of the CHP unit to produce electricity when the price is high. Optimisation of heat and electrical load distribution, where the objective function is the maximum efficiency of the CHP unit for a given load range, can be done considering the fact that electrical power is limited by the heat load. The main problem of CHPs is that their operation is highly dependent on the heat load, which makes them rather inflexible or reduces the overall efficiency during periods of insufficient heat load (condensing turbine [3])
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