Abstract
Most of the Indian cities that follow a centralized model of sewerage systems are facing several challenges in its effective implementation and operation. Decentralized systems are identified as a viable alternative to centralized sewerage systems in various studies, mainly because of their water recycling prospects and building resilience. However, there is a lack of studies that compare centralized and decentralized sewerage networks considering real-life data. To bridge this gap, the present study considers Ludhiana, India, for conducting a detailed economic comparison based on the network’s capital costs for both systems. The decentralized systems show almost similar capital costs as the centralized system in this study. Hence, both systems can be adopted based on capital cost. However, the study shows that decentralized systems offer more water recycling opportunities, making them preferable to centralized systems. The study also emphasizes that the choice of sewerage systems should be context-specific to fetch maximum economic and environmental benefits.
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