Economic and social prerequisites for the development of the system of health care institutions of the Ternopil region

Abstract

The article states that, in accordance with the basic law of Ukraine, the issue of health care is defined as the priority direction of the state, which is entrusted with the functions of shaping policy in the field of health care and monitoring its implementation. It is legislated that everyone has an inviolable right to health protection, society and the state as a whole are responsible to the modern and future generation for the level of health, the preservation of safe conditions for health and the preservation of the gene pool of Ukrainians. Ukraine introduces the principles of the English model, which manifests itself in the forms of private and family medicine, multi-source financing, insurance and high social standards. At the present stage of development, the process of adapting the national health care system to certain standards is taking place. This process is complicated by a number of political, economic, social and demographic factors. The most negative factors that significantly complicate the development of the health care system are the ongoing covid-19 pandemic and full-scale war. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the Ternopil region has a favorable transport and geographical location, the territory of the region is located in the inner part of Europe, with a mild continental climate and sufficient moisture, close to the borders of Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania. International transport routes pass through the region: road and rail links Berlin-Odessa and the Baltic-Black Sea. This geographical location creates opportunities for profitable placement of logistics centers, transport companies and wholesale markets. The development of the health care system is ensured not only by the availability of health care institutions, but also by favorable environmental factors, which include: economic, political, social and environmental indicators of the region's development. The analysis of the demographic situation in the region indicates unfavorable trends that are inherent in the entire territory of Ukraine, namely a decrease in the population, a decrease in the birth rate, high mortality rates, gender disparities, a significant aging of the population, which has an adverse effect on the development of the health care system. A significant impact on the health of the population has an environmental situation, which in recent years has tended to improve. In the Ternopil region there is a network of educational institutions that train medical specialists and thereby provide local resources to health care institutions in the region. The article analyzes entrepreneurial activity in the healthcare sector, which is quite high, increases the activity of small businesses, which intensifies competition and acts as one of the macroeconomic prerequisites for promoting the systemic development of the medical sphere. Negative factors influencing the development of the health care system have been identified, which include limited investment and financial resources and insufficient efficiency of management decisions. According to the results of the analysis, it is determined that the vast majority of indicators of infrastructure development are higher than the average in Ukraine.