Abstract
The waste heat recovery system (WHRS) is a good alternative to provide a solution to the waste energy emanated in the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine (ICE). Therefore, it is useful to carry out research to improve the thermal efficiency of the ICE through a WHRS based on the organic Rankine cycle (ORC), since this type of system takes advantage of the heat of the exhaust gases to generate electrical energy. The organic working fluid selection was developed according to environmental criteria, operational parameters, thermodynamic conditions of the gas engine, and investment costs. An economic analysis is presented for the systems operating with three selected working fluids: toluene, acetone, and heptane, considering the main costs involved in the design and operation of the thermal system. Furthermore, an exergo-advanced study is presented on the WHRS based on ORC integrated to the ICE, which is a Jenbacher JMS 612 GS-N of 2 MW power fueled with natural gas. This advanced exergetic analysis allowed us to know the opportunities for improvement of the equipment and the increase in the thermodynamic performance of the ICE. The results show that when using acetone as the organic working fluid, there is a greater tendency of improvement of endogenous character in Pump 2 of around 80%. When using heptane it was manifested that for the turbine there are near to 77% opportunities for improvement, and the use of toluene in the turbine gave a rate of improvement of 70%. Finally, some case studies are presented to study the effect of condensation temperature, the pinch point temperature in the evaporator, and the pressure ratio on the direct, indirect, and fixed investment costs, where the higher investment costs were presented with the acetone, and lower costs when using the toluene as working fluid.
Highlights
In the past few years, developed countries have shown interest in the possibility of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, which has been brought about by the rational use of energy, and the drive to decrease the energy consumption generated through fossil fuels [1]
From the gases cited in the Kyoto Protocol as Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), carbon dioxide (CO2 ) accounts for three quarters, and more than 90% of it originates from the energy transformations that occur in means of transport, industry, and residences
The above to consider variable in in future economic to optimizations that allow optimizations that suggests allow to determine thethis optimal pinch the evaporator obtain the lowest possible costs without sacrificing the performance of the system. Another contribution is the methodology suggested for the best design of secondary circuits of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems for waste heat recovery system (WHRS) with indirect evaporation, which allows the necessary energy to be supplied to determine the optimal pinch in the evaporator to obtain the lowest possible costs without sacrificing the performance of the system
Summary
In the past few years, developed countries have shown interest in the possibility of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, which has been brought about by the rational use of energy, and the drive to decrease the energy consumption generated through fossil fuels [1]. The Climate Change Convention in 2009 set the limit to 2 ◦ C growth in the global average surface temperature, and based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, warming of more than two degrees would be catastrophic for both humans and nature [2]. The main factor responsible for the enhancement in surface global average temperature is the high atmospheric concentration of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs). From the gases cited in the Kyoto Protocol as GHGs, carbon dioxide (CO2 ) accounts for three quarters, and more than 90% of it originates from the energy transformations that occur in means of transport, industry, and residences. Today there is no viable technology capable of absorbing CO2 emissions [3]
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