Economic and Energy Efficiency of Farms in Poland

Marcin Wysokiński,Piotr Gradziuk,Bogdan Klepacki,Danuta Guzal-Dec,Paulina Trębska,Arkadiusz Gromada,Aleksandra Lubańska,Wioletta Bieńkowska-Gołasa,Barbara Gradziuk,Arkadiusz Weremczuk,Magdalena Golonko,Piotr Gołasa

doi:10.3390/en14175586

Abstract

Climate change and negative environmental effects are results of a simplified understanding of management processes, i.e., assuming economic effects as the basis for development, without taking into account external costs. Economically efficient facilities are not always environmentally efficient. Due to the existing conflict of economic and environmental goals, it seems necessary to look for measures that would include both economic and environmental elements in their structure. The above doubts were the main reasons for undertaking this research. One of the important sectors of the economy accepted for research, where energy is an essential factor of production, is agriculture. Agricultural production is very diversified both in terms of inputs and final products. Depending on the production direction, the processes of conversion of energy accumulated in inputs into energy accumulated in commodity products have different natures and relationships. Taking into account the importance of agriculture in the national economy and the current environmental needs of the world, the types of farms generating energy surplus and those in which the surplus is the least cost-consuming were indicated. The research used the economic and energy efficiency index, which makes it possible to jointly assess technical and economic efficiency. Assuming the need to produce food with low energy consumption and a positive energy balance, it is reasonable to develop a support system for those farms showing the highest economic and energy efficiency indicators.

Highlights

The current standard of living of mankind is possible thanks to the exploitation of natural capital on an unprecedented scale, which causes increasing interference in the state of the planet and uncertainty about its future [1]
Depending on the production direction, the processes of conversion of energy accumulated in inputs into energy accumulated in commodity products have different natures and relationships, the main objective of this research was to identify economic and energy efficiency in agriculture depending on the type and scale of production
One of the measures used for such calculations is economic labor productivity, which increases with the increase in the economic size of the researched farms, except farms specializing in the cultivation of fruit trees and shrubs

Summary

Introduction

The current standard of living of mankind is possible thanks to the exploitation of natural capital on an unprecedented scale, which causes increasing interference in the state of the planet and uncertainty about its future [1]. The Fertile Crescent is a belt of more fertile lands, shaped like a great crescent, stretching from Egypt, through Palestine and Syria, to Mesopotamia It extended from Memphis in the Nile Valley to Ur in southern Mesopotamia, including Syria and Canaan, the steppe between the mountain range of Asia Minor and the Syrian Desert. It is Canaan, the steppe between the mountain range of Asia Minor and the Syrian Desert It is the geographic cradle of the great civilizations of the ancient Near East. During the ticated new species of plants and animals, legumes, figs, and grapevines began to be culNeolithic revolution, wheat, millet, and barley were grown here. Result of human activity, this area has become a dry, desert terrain, economically and sothe civilizations of Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt developed [6].

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