Abstract
The energy demand of mankind is constantly growing, thus the utilization of various renewable energy sources, which also reduces negative environmental effects, is becoming more and more important. Because of the achievement of climate protection targets, photovoltaic (PV) energy has an increasing role in the global energy mix. This paper presents the technical and economic aspects of different photovoltaic system configurations designed to suit the Hungarian renewable energy regulations. In this study, five alternative PV configurations were examined for systems with a capacity from 50 kW to 500 kW, related to low- and medium-voltage installations. This article also introduces and explains the Hungarian economic PV and Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) regulations, where three different investment alternatives are analyzed with the help of economic indicators. This study could help stakeholders in the market (e.g., the Hungarian industry sector and local governments) understand the possible directions of technical and economic PV development. According to the results, the payback periods in all the studied economic-technical cases were below 10 years. The experimental results show that each investment option may be a good decision from an economic and technical point of view under the Hungarian regulations in force in 2019.
Highlights
In Hungary, the government supports electric power generated by utilizing renewable sources by means of a FiT in the case of installations of a peak power between 50–500 kWp, while those with a kilowatt-peak of 500–1000 kWp enjoy the market premium
All the three alternatives had a positive net present values (NPV), and the discounted payback periods (DPP) were less than 10 years
This study examined some technical and economic aspects related to the Hungarian renewable energy regulations
Summary
Nowadays more and more countries worldwide understand the harmful consequences of climate change. The amount of PV energy produced depends primarily on 0.31 the GW solar radiation, the at technology, In Hungary, the cumulative installed. Based on the PV power potential map it the temperature, the current natural factors, the composition of the particular module, the combined can be concluded that the yearly average amount of the energy that can be generated is between effect of the installation and the efficiency rates. In Hungary, the government supports electric power generated by utilizing renewable sources by means of a FiT in the case of installations of a peak power between 50–500 kWp, while those with a kilowatt-peak of 500–1000 kWp enjoy the market premium. The most commonly realized subsidy programs within the Economic Development and Innovation Programme (EDIOP) and the Environment and Energy Efficiency Operational Programme (EEEOP) in 2017 were those that provided non-repayable loans and grants, among others combined with the FiT. The electricitycosts costs and and FiT in in Germany [41]. [41]
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