ECONOMIA ECOLÓGICA: ENTRE A PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL E A GARANTIA DO BEM-ESTAR SOCIAL

Abstract

The negative externalities for society have their origin in fact that companies do not payfor the use of natural resources or environmental services in the production of goods and services. Spontaneously, companies do not internalize the social costs associated with externalities, since they all seek to reduce costs in a scenario of increasingly intense competition. Only through the concerted effort of organized social movements, governments, public prosecutors and the judiciary, the costs of negative externalities are accounted for in production costs of enterprises. In this direction, the theory of the Pigovian internalization of negative externalities contains effective economic instruments to promote the protection of natural resources and Environmental services. However, the social acceptability of a new resource management nature, which considers the protection of natural resources and environmental services as a factor to be prioritized for the maintenance of social welfare, is a great problem to affect the competitive advantages of companies. Meanwhile, it is justified when one considers the use of nature resources and environmental degradation in the production of final goods are local, while their consumption is done everywhere.