Abstract
The tropidurid lizard Tropidurus umbra lives on medium-sized trees in lowland tropical forest of the Amazon region. Individuals may be active on tree trunks in sun or shade, with most activity occurring from 11:00 to 13:00. Body temperatures average 29.1 °C. The diet consists nearly exclusively of ants and there is no relationship between prey size and lizard size. Females reach sexual maturity at 79 mm snout–vent length (SVL) and males at 78 mm SVL. Although there appears to be no sexual dimorphism in SVL, males have relatively larger heads than females. Clutch size is usually two eggs and females appear to produce more than one clutch per season. Comparisons with other studied tropidurid lizards suggest that dietary specialization on ants, reduced sexual dimorphism, and reduced clutch size are derived characters.
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