Abstract
The area of the Jericho Valley, northwest of the Dead Sea, has been known to be hyperendemic for oriental sore since at least the early 1920s [1]. The causative parasite was identified as Leishmania tropica and the vector as Phlebotomus papatasii [2-4]. P. papatasii was the most prevalent sandfly in this area, with a natural infection rate of 1/1,000; when fed on sores, 1096 of flies became infected. No reservoir of the human infection was found at that time.
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