Ecologization of Water Use as a Factor of Sustainable Development of the Central Black Earth Region

Abstract

The purpose of the work is to identify the factors, features and problems of water use in the Central Black Earth Region. The Central Black Earth Region is characterized by longterm degradation of water resources, irrational water use, a low level of water purification, a high degree of pollution of water bodies, which requires a deep analysis of factors and trends in the development of the area’s natural resources. To achieve this goal, comparative, structural, statistical and analytical research methods were used. The information provided in the open official publications of the state statistics of the country and regions was used, in particular, the State Report “On the state and use of water resources of the Russian Federation in 2018” and reports on the state and protection of the environment of the Central Black Earth Region in 2018. In the course of the work, the data is systematized, structured, analyzed and summarized. The quality of water resources in the Central Black Earth Region is affected by the deterioration of the natural environment, including destruction of soils, a decrease in forest cover, and water and air pollution. Analysis of the development of water use shows us the complex ecological situation with the water resources of the region, characterized by a decrease in their volume. There are no rivers and reservoirs with “roughly clean” water in the Central Black Earth Region, water bodies of the 3rd category prevail, and there are even reservoirs of the 4th category of pollution. The water regime is deteriorating, fauna and flora are degrading. Taking into account the trends and features of modern nature management, on the basis of our work, we can conclude that the most effective direction of greening water use in the Central Black Earth Region is to reduce water consumption, purification of all types of runoff, optimization and afforestation of water protection zones.