ECOLOGIZATION OF FRUIT CROPS GRAFTED SEEDLINGS GROWING

Abstract

Cultivation of fruit crops grafted seedlings connect with the application of high doses of nitrogen fertilizers. They have greater mobility in the soil and can contaminate soil and groundwater with nitrates. Using of microbial preparations (MP), which biological agents are nitrogen fixing, phosphate mobilizing and growth promoting bacteria allows reducing the fertilizers doses and improving the nutrition of fruit seedlings. The purpose of our research was to study influence of some biological fertilizers on growth, development and output of seedlings in a fruit nursery with minimal doses of mineral fertilizes. The MP were tested in a small plots field experiment on Calcic Chernozem (Clayic) of southern Ukraine (Crimea). There were Diasofit created on base Agrobacterium radiodacter 204; Azotobacterin was made on the base Azotobacter vinelandii 10702, both of them are nitrogen fixing bacteria; Phosphoenterin (phosphate mobilizing bacteria Enterobacter nimipressuralis 32-3, which also produced physiological active substances) and a complex of microbial preparation (CMP) consist of mix Diasofit, Phosphoenterin and Biopolicid (Bacillus polymyxa P.) with antifungal activity. It is established that the MP promoted strengthening formation of shoots and roots of peach, apricot and cherry-plum seedlings. They improved the growth and development of plants and promoted increasing of the standard seedlings output. The most effective is using Phosphoenterin and CMP for growing of peach seedlings. Application of Azotobacterin at cultivation of cherry-plum and apricot seedlings allowed obtaining the most output of standard seedlings per ha. Application of CMP increased standard seedlings output both of these cultures to 7,200 and 8,200 peaches per ha respectively relative to standard technology.