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Abstract
We have determined the comparative efficacy of the effect of cuprum and cobalt nano-particles (30-40 nm), humic acids in an ultra-fine state and mineral salts of these metals used as micro-fertilizers on plants growth and development at concentration from 0.01 till 1000 gr. per hectare norm of viability (gr./h.n.v.). We have conducted some bio-chemical investigations and studied activity of peroxydase and superoxide dismutase ferments in wheat roots and seedlings. The lab tests have determined concentrations when spring wheat plantlets growth and development slows down: for cuprum nano-particles – 500 gr./h.n.v., cobalt – 400 gr./h.n.v., copper sulphate and cobalt chloride – 100 gr./h.n.v. The concentrations of 0.5-10 gr./h.n.v. cuprum and cobalt nano-powders have a well defined stimulating effect. The effect of using the metals nano-particles has been 8-12 % higher than that of the humic acids. Nano-particles have energy to activate metabolic cell processes of plants and concentrations up to 10 gr./h.n.v. can be recommended for the use in agrotechnology that is proved by field tests: wheat yield has increased under the humic acids per 7 %, cuprum and cobalt nano-particles per 17 % and 14 % correspondingly as compared with the control. Cuprum and copper oxide nano-powders (of different chemical substance) at concentrations 0.1 gr./h.n.v.-100 gr./h.n.v. have influenced activity of phytohormones of cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid and indole acetic acids in wheat seedlings. The increase of cuprum nano-powder concentration in 100 times has not caused the decrease of wheat physiologic processes. For copper oxide nano-powders at concentration of 100 gr./ha the hormones activity changes from 22 to 53 % and the use of copper oxide at concentrations higher than 100 gr./h.n.v. is unreasonable. The wheat seeds treatment with 200 nm particles before planting has not changed morpho-physiologic and biochemical indexes as related to the control.
Highlights
Nano-technologies as one of the main directions of modern science and technology development can bring the results comparable to those achieved for the recent decades in the nearest future (Foster, 2008)
The results of the researches have shown that nano-particles due to their structure, small size (Eduardo, 2009), high-surface area and low concentration create favorable conditions for plants more intensive growth and development resulting in both vegetative and reproductive mass accumulation and the biochemical composition change (Schwab, 2011; Churilov, 2013; Nazarova, 2013; Churilov, 2012)
The samplings are the seeds of spring wheat breed “Lada”
Summary
Nano-technologies as one of the main directions of modern science and technology development can bring the results comparable to those achieved for the recent decades in the nearest future (Foster, 2008). Among the spheres of nano-technologies achievements application one can name construction materials, microelectronics, optics, power engineering, military art, transport, biotechnologies, medicine, environment protection, agriculture. The results of the researches have shown that nano-particles due to their structure, small size (Eduardo, 2009), high-surface area and low concentration create favorable conditions for plants more intensive growth and development resulting in both vegetative and reproductive mass accumulation and the biochemical composition change (Schwab, 2011; Churilov, 2013; Nazarova, 2013; Churilov, 2012). The results of the synthesized nano-materials toxicity research are rather contradictory and give rise to many www.ccsenet.org/mas
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