Abstract
Aim. This paper analyzes the data on contamination of the Terek river basin in the period of 1978-2012. We give assessment to process of self-purification from oil pollution of coastal waters of the Dagestan coast of the Caspian Sea; tracked seasonal and long-term dynamics of the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in sea water, calculated an average concentration and load of petroleum hydrocarbons in the seaside area of Terek River. We also present information obtained in the course of fieldwork in Agrakhan Bay. As a result of field research we conducted full hydrochemical analysis of water samples taken at stations, evaluating the degree of water pollution of Agrakhan Bay. Materials and Methodology. We identified features of pollution of the seaside wellhead of Terek River by analyzing the information from the review journals of the state of environment and its pollution, and magazine-yearbooks of marine waters quality by hydrochemical indicators as well as our own data collections and analysis. Agrakhan Bay Research was conducted using modern physical and chemical methods of quantitative chemical analysis. The date was collected on an integrated basis at 16 stations. Results. It was found that anthropogenic load has reached its limits in the Terek basin. The main factor for the destruction of the ecology of Terek River constitutes extremely large number of oil extracting and refining industries in the region. Studies of Agrakhan Bay revealed a high concentration of zinc. We also found a slight excess of maximum permissible concentration of lead and copper in the southern part of the bay. Main conclusion. For the revival of the Terek River it is necessary to optimize the ecological and environmental impacts of activities of enterprises and industries, improve the efficiency of the entire economy of the North Caucasian region. It is crucial to combine environmental, economic, scientific, technical and organizational measures into a single set aimed at solving clearly defined problems of ecological rehabilitation, restoration of natural resources, socio-economic development of the region. It is important to develop and implement projects for the conservation of biological diversity of the Terek River.
Highlights
Оценка качества воды по эколого-токсикологическим показателям, основанная на определении уровня токсического загрязнения вод тяжелыми металлами, дала представление о потенциальной токсичности водных масс Аграханского залива [4]
Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest
Summary
В работе проанализированы данные по загрязнению бассейна реки Терек за период 19782012 гг. Дана оценка процессам самоочищения от нефтяного загрязнения прибрежных вод Дагестанского побережья Каспийского моря; отслежена сезонная и многолетняя динамика концентрации нефтяных углеводородов в морской воде, рассчитана средняя концентрация и нагрузка по нефтяным углеводородам в районе взморья р. Полученные в ходе полевых исследований Аграханского залива. В результате экспедиционных исследований проведен полный гидрохимический анализ проб воды, отобранных на станциях, дана оценка степени загрязнения воды Аграхаского залива. Содержащимся в Обзорах состояния и загрязнения окружающей среды в Российской Федерации, Ежегодниках качества морских вод по гидрохимическим показателям и собственным сборам и анализами. Важным является разработка и осуществление проектов по сохранению биологического разнообразия реки Терек. Экологоприемлемый путь развития Северо–Кавказского федерального округа и возрождение бассейна реки Терек // Юг России: экология, развитие.
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