Abstract
Ecological Studies on the Biological Integration Occurred by the Two Predators; Coccinella undecimpunctata L. and Hippodamia convergens Guer. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Following the Primary Parasitism Process of the Aphids on the Wheat Plants in Qalubia Governorate.
Highlights
Ants are the dominant components of the terrestrial ecosystem throughout the world (Holway et al 2002; Mahalakshimi and Channaveerappa, 2016)
The results indicate the potential use of some of these plant extracts as a source of safe alternatives to insecticides
The nest sites of the three species used were characterized by specific vegetation cover of each species; i.e. nests of P. jordanica were found under a Acacia nilotica tree in the Farm of the Botany Department, El-Minia University, nests of P. laticeps were located under a Ficus nitida tree and P. sinatica were nested under a Delonix regia tree
Summary
Ants are the dominant components of the terrestrial ecosystem throughout the world (Holway et al 2002; Mahalakshimi and Channaveerappa, 2016). They are annoying pests, but they can invade houses; destroy electrical equipment, damage agricultural products and spoil stored foods, with resulting economic loss (Pimentel et al 2005; Chaudhari et al, 2013). The genus is widespread and ecologically dominant across the globe (Wilson, 2003; Presty and Karmaly, 2016) It probably includes more than a thousand species that form a serious threat through their potential impact on biodiversity, ecosystems, agricultural production or society. Many Pheidole species are ecologically important seed consumers having an impact on valued plant species in several arid and semi-arid ecosystems around the world (Whitford et al, 1981; Hölldobler and Wilson, 1990; Pirk et al, 2009)
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