Ecological Security Pattern Construction in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Based on Hotspots of Multiple Ecosystem Services

Wenjing Li,Jinfeng Wang,Qing Li,Sheng Wang

doi:10.3390/su14020699

Wenjing Li, Jinfeng Wang + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020699

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Abstract

The contradiction between urban expansion and ecological protection in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (BTH) is increasingly acute, which has become one of the main problems restricting regional development, and sustainable development of ecosystem services is the key to increasing human well-being. Based on GIS platform and multiple models, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of four key ecosystem services (water conservation, soil conservation, habitat quality, and plant net primary productivity) in different ecological regions of BTH in recent 20 years, quantifies the impact of different climate factors and land use change on ecosystem services (ESs), and discusses the primary ecosystem hotspots and ecological security pattern. The results showed that the interannual variation of water conservation (WC) and plant net primary productivity (NPP) increased from 2000 to 2020, while the change of soil conservation (SC) was not obvious, which was mainly controlled by climate factors, WC and SC were more affected by precipitation, and temperature was the key factor affecting NPP. Habitat quality (HQ) presented a significant downward trend; it was mainly attributed to the deterioration of ecological environment caused by accelerated urbanization expansion. According to hotspot analysis, it could be found that WC was the fastest-growing ecosystem service function in BTH, and NPP would become the factor with the greatest contribution to ecological importance in the future. The important protected areas and main ecological sources of ecological security pattern were mainly distributed in Yanshan-Taihang mountain area, which was consistent with the key areas of ecosystem services. In this study, the temporal and spatial differences of ecosystem service in BTH were demonstrated in a more intuitive way and provided scientific guidance for decision makers to formulate effective ecological protection policies in different regions.

Highlights

Introduction published maps and institutional affilEcosystem Services (ES) can be defined as the result of positive interactions between humans and the ecosystem environment [1]
Referring to related research [39], this study comprehensively considers international classification of ecosystem service [40], key detection indicators monitored by local governments, the difficulty of indicators evaluation and the close relationship with human beings [41], and habitat quality (HQ), soil conservation (SC), water conservation (WC), and net plant productivity (NPP) are selected as the key evaluation indicators
WC and net primary productivity (NPP), respectively, and the impact of future land use change caused by policy orientation on WC cannot be ignored

Summary

Introduction

Ecosystem Services (ES) can be defined as the result of positive interactions between humans and the ecosystem environment [1]. Ecosystem services, which can be divided into regulation services, supply services, support services, and cultural and entertainment services, play a fundamental role in helping human getting various benefits with a direct or indirect process [1,2,3]. The sustainable supply of ESs has been broken because as people gain the goods and benefits from ecosystem without restraint, ESs face more and more pressures due to the multiple changes of climate and land use, which are exacerbated by socio-economic developments and cause the destruction of ecosystem services such as soil and water loss, habitat conversion, degradation, and fragmentation [4,5,6]. Scholars have started paying attention to the negative change of ESs iations.

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