Ecological safety of water resources of the seaport

Abstract

In the conditions of port activities, the object of protection is the natural environment, primarily water and aquatic biological resources, as the most sensitive to external influences. The issues of environmental risk assessment are considered as measures for the protection of water resources in the face of an increase in cargo flows of a large seaport. Firstly, the risk of accidents during sea bunkering operations, and secondly, the environmental risk (the risk of introducing bioinvasions with ballast water) during deballasting of sea vessels. The general scheme for assessing environmental risk in relation to the components of the natural environment is considered. The number of bunkering operations in a large seaport has been calculated (2200 - 2500 per year in recent years). On the basis of statistical data, the frequency of accidents with oil spills during bunkering operations was found. Its numerical value was 2.9 · 10-4 1 a year per one operation. The volume of deballasting of individual sea terminals and the entire port has been determined - 55 million m3 per year. Basins for primary ballast intake for tankers and dry-cargo ships have been determined for ship entries to the loading port in 2020. This makes it possible to rank the discharged ballast according to the level of environmental risk (risk of bioinvasions), which is determined by the basin of its primary intake and/or transit time.